Editing Internet backbone (section)

=== China ===
In some instances, the companies that own certain sections of the Internet backbone's physical infrastructure depend on competition in order to keep the Internet market profitable. This can be seen most prominently in [[China]]. Since [[China Telecommunications Corporation|China Telecom]] and [[China Unicom]] have acted as the sole Internet service providers to China for some time, smaller companies cannot compete with them in negotiating the interconnection settlement prices that keep the Internet market profitable in China. This imposition of discriminatory pricing by the large companies then results in market inefficiencies and stagnation, and ultimately affects the efficiency of the Internet backbone networks that service the nation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Meijuan|last2=Zhu|first2=Yajie|date=2018|title=Research on the problems of interconnection settlement in China's Internet backbone network|journal=Procedia Computer Science|volume=131|pages=153–157|doi=10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.198|doi-access=free}}</ref>