Editing International Monetary Fund (section)

==Personnel==
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2018}}<!--lists of executive and managing directors are not referenced-->

===Board of Governors===
The board of governors consists of one governor and one alternate governor for each member country. Each member country appoints its two governors. The Board normally meets once a year and is responsible for electing or appointing an executive director to the executive board. While the board of governors is officially responsible for approving quota increases, [[special drawing rights|special drawing right]] allocations, the admittance of new members, compulsory withdrawal of members, and amendments to the Articles of Agreement and By-Laws, in practice it has delegated most of its powers to the IMF's executive board.<ref name="Governance Structure">{{cite web |title=Governance Structure |url=http://www.imf.org/external/about/govstruct.htm |work=About the IMF: Governance |access-date=18 March 2012 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625110735/https://www.imf.org/external/about/govstruct.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The board of governors is advised by the [[International Monetary and Financial Committee]] and the Development Committee. The International Monetary and Financial Committee has 24 members and monitors developments in global liquidity and the transfer of resources to [[developing country|developing countries]].<ref name="IMF Factsheet: Guide to Committees, Groups, and Clubs">{{cite web |title=Factsheet: Guide to Committees, Groups, and Clubs |url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/groups.htm |work=About the IMF |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=22 March 2012 |archive-date=20 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120180110/http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/groups.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The Development Committee has 25 members and advises on critical development issues and on financial resources required to promote economic development in developing countries.

The board of governors reports directly to the managing director of the IMF, Kristalina Georgieva.<ref name="IMF Factsheet: Guide to Committees, Groups, and Clubs" />

===Executive Board===
25 Executive Directors make up the executive board. The executive directors represent all 191 member countries in a geographically based roster.<ref name=edsa/> Countries with large economies have their own executive director, but most countries are grouped in constituencies representing four or more countries.<ref name="Governance Structure"/>

Following the ''2008 Amendment on Voice and Participation'' which came into effect in March 2011,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr1164 |title=Press Release: The IMF's 2008 Quota and Voice Reforms Take Effect |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150755/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr1164 |url-status=live }}</ref> seven countries each appoint an executive director: the United States, Japan, China, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name=edsa>{{cite web |title=IMF Executive Directors and Voting Power |work=Member Quotas Shares, Governors, and Voting Power |publisher=International Monetary Fund |url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/eds.aspx |access-date=9 April 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123154435/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/eds.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The remaining 17 Directors represent constituencies consisting of 2 to 23 countries. This Board usually meets several times each week.<ref name=pr10477>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr10477 |title=Press Release: IMF Board of Governors Approves Major Quota and Governance Reforms |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150756/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr10477 |url-status=live }}</ref> The board membership and constituency is scheduled for periodic review every eight years.<ref name=pr10418>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr10418 |title=Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves Major Overhaul of Quotas and Governance |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150756/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr10418 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{hidden begin|style=border:1px #aaa solid;|titlestyle=background-color:#fffaf0;|ta1=center|title=List of Executive Directors of the IMF, as of February 2019}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Region !! Number of Member(s) Represented !! Director !! Country with Most Votes
|-
| United States || United States || 1 || Mark Rosen || United States
|-
| Japan || Japan || 1 || [[Masaaki Kaizuka]] || Japan
|-
| China || China || 1 || [[Jin Zhongxia]] || China
|-
| Belgium || [[Benelux]], Israel, and [[Eastern Europe]] || 15 || [[Anthony De Lannoy]] || Netherlands
|-
| Germany || Germany || 1 || [[Steffen Meyer]] || Germany
|-
| Colombia || Spain and [[Central America]] || 8 || Leonardo Villar || Spain
|-
| Indonesia || [[Southeast Asia]] || 13 || [[Juda Agung]] || Indonesia
|-
| Italy || [[Southern Europe|Mediterranean Europe]] || 6 || [[Domenico G. Fanizza]] || Italy
|-
| France || France || 1 || [[Herve de Villeroche]] || France
|-
| United Kingdom || United Kingdom || 1 || [[Shona E. Riach]] || United Kingdom
|-
| Australia || [[Far East]] || 15 || [[Nigel Ray]] || South Korea
|-
| Canada || [[Atlantic Ocean|North Atlantic]] and the [[Caribbean]] || 12 || [[Louise Levonian]] || Canada
|-
| Sweden || [[Northern Europe]] || 8 || [[Thomas Östros]] || Sweden
|-
| Turkey || [[Central Europe]] || 8 || [[Raci Kaya]] || Turkey
|-
| Brazil || [[Caribbean South America|Northern South America]] || 11 || [[Alexandre Tombini]] || Brazil
|-
| India || [[Indian subcontinent]] || 4 || [[Surjit Bhalla]] || India
|-
| South Africa || [[Africa]] 1 || 23 || [[Dumisani Mahlinza]] || South Africa
|-
| Switzerland || Switzerland, Poland, and the [[Near East]] || 9 || [[Paul Inderbinen]] || Switzerland
|-
| Russia || Russia || 2 || [[Aleksei V. Mozhin]] || Russia
|-
| Iran || Iran and the [[Middle East]] || 8 || [[Jafar Mojarrad]] || Iran
|-
| Egypt || [[North Africa]] and the Middle East || 11 || [[Hazem El Beblawi|Hazem Beblawi]] || United Arab Emirates
|-
| Saudi Arabia || Saudi Arabia || 1 || [[Maher Mouminah]] || Saudi Arabia
|-
| Mauritania || Africa 2 || 23 || [[Mohamed-Lemine Raghani]] || Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
| Argentina || [[Southern Cone|Southern South America]] || 6 || [[Gabriel Lopetegui]] || Argentina
|}
{{hidden end}}

===Managing Director===
The IMF is led by a managing director, who is head of the [[list of IMF people|staff]] and serves as chairman of the executive board. The managing director is the most powerful position at the IMF.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Copelovitch |first1=Mark |last2=Rickard |first2=Stephanie |date=2021 |title=Partisan Technocrats: How Leaders Matter in International Organizations |journal=Global Studies Quarterly |volume=1 |issue=3 |doi=10.1093/isagsq/ksab021 |issn=2634-3797 |doi-access=free |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/112215/1/ksab021.pdf }}</ref> Historically, the IMF's managing director has been a [[Citizenship of the European Union|European citizen]] and the president of the [[World Bank]] has been an [[Citizenship of the United States|American citizen]]. However, this standard is increasingly being questioned and competition for these two posts may soon open up to include other qualified candidates from any part of the world.<ref name= Harding_FT/><ref name="Woods 2003 (92,114)">{{harvnb|Woods|2003|pp=92–114}}.</ref> In August 2019, the International Monetary Fund has removed the age limit which is 65 or over for its managing director position.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imf-leadership-age-idUSKCN1VB29V |title=IMF executive board recommends scrapping age limit for Georgieva |date=21 August 2019 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=27 August 2019 |archive-date=27 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827095002/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imf-leadership-age-idUSKCN1VB29V |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2011, the world's largest developing countries, the [[BRICS]] states, issued a statement declaring that the tradition of appointing a European as managing director undermined the legitimacy of the IMF and called for the appointment to be merit-based.<ref name= Harding_FT>{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Robin |title=Brics say European IMF claim 'obsolete' |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0ef16b54-862d-11e0-9e2c-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0ef16b54-862d-11e0-9e2c-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 June 2011 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |date=24 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Mallaby |first1=Sebastian |title=Can the BRICs Take the IMF? |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67885/sebastian-mallaby/can-the-brics-take-the-imf |magazine=Foreign Affairs |date=9 June 2011 |access-date=21 June 2011 |archive-date=8 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208023742/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67885/sebastian-mallaby/can-the-brics-take-the-imf |url-status=live }}</ref>

====List of Managing Directors====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Term
!Dates
!Name
!Citizenship
!Background
|-
| 1
|6 May 1946 – 5 May 1951
|[[Camille Gutt]]
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|Politician, Economist, Lawyer, Economics Minister, Finance Minister
|-
|2
|3 August 1951 – 3 October 1956
|[[Ivar Rooth]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|Economist, Lawyer, Central Banker
|-
|3
|21 November 1956 – 5 May 1963
|[[Per Jacobsson]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|Economist, Lawyer, Academic, [[League of Nations]], [[Bank for International Settlements|BIS]]
|-
|4
|1 September 1963 – 31 August 1973
|[[Pierre-Paul Schweitzer]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|Lawyer, Businessman, Civil Servant, Central Banker
|-
|5
|1 September 1973 – 18 June 1978
|[[Johan Witteveen]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}}}
|Politician, Economist, Academic, Finance Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, [[Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis|CPB]]
|-
|6
|18 June 1978 – 15 January 1987
|[[Jacques de Larosière]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|Businessman, Civil Servant, Central Banker
|-
|7
|16 January 1987 – 14 February 2000
|[[Michel Camdessus]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|Economist, Civil Servant, Central Banker
|-
|8
|1 May 2000 – 4 March 2004
|[[Horst Köhler]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|Politician, Economist, Civil Servant, [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]], President
|-
|9
|7 June 2004 – 31 October 2007
|[[Rodrigo Rato]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|Politician, Businessman, Economics Minister, Finance Minister, Deputy Prime Minister
|-
|10
|1 November 2007 – 18 May 2011
|[[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|Politician, Economist, Lawyer, Businessman, Economics Minister, Finance Minister
|-
|11
|5 July 2011 – 12 September 2019
|[[Christine Lagarde]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|Politician, Lawyer, Finance Minister
|-
|12
|1 October 2019 – present
|[[Kristalina Georgieva]]
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|Politician, Economist
|}

[[File:Christine Lagarde - Université d'été du MEDEF 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|right|alt=A three-quarter portrait of an elegantly dressed Christine Lagarde, perhaps in her early 60s sitting in a chair behind a microphone. She looks fit and tanned. Her overall mien is alert, pleasant, and intelligent.|On 28 June 2011, [[Christine Lagarde]] was named managing director of the IMF, replacing [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]].]]

Former managing director [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn]] was arrested in connection [[Dominique Strauss-Kahn sexual assault case|with charges of sexually assaulting]] a New York hotel room attendant and resigned on 18 May. The charges were later dropped.<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn Resigns |url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2011/pr11187.htm |work=Press Release No. 11/187 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=14 June 2011 |archive-date=17 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717163155/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2011/pr11187.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 June 2011 [[Christine Lagarde]] was [[International Monetary Fund Managing Director 2011 election|confirmed as managing director of the IMF]] for a five-year term starting on 5 July 2011.<ref name="appointment-IMF">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2011/pr11259.htm |title=IMF Executive Board Selects Christine Lagarde as Managing Director |date=28 June 2011 |work=Press Release |publisher=IMF |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-date=17 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917013124/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2011/pr11259.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reuters-appointment">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imf-idUSTRE75Q60H20110628 |title=France's Lagarde elected new IMF chief |date=28 June 2011 |work=Reuters |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153847/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/28/us-imf-idUSTRE75Q60H20110628 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was re-elected by consensus for a second five-year term, starting 5 July 2016, being the only candidate nominated for the post of managing director.<ref>{{cite news |title=IMF's Lagarde re-elected to second term |url=http://www.dw.com/en/imfs-lagarde-re-elected-to-second-term/a-19061862 |access-date=25 August 2016 |work=Deutsche Welle |agency=Reuters, AFP |date=19 February 2016 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811164953/https://www.dw.com/en/imfs-lagarde-re-elected-to-second-term/a-19061862 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== First Deputy Managing Director ===
The managing director is assisted by a First Deputy managing director (FDMD) who, by convention, has always been a citizen of the United States.<ref>{{Cite SSRN |last1=Sanford |first1=Jonathan E. |last2=Weiss |first2=Martin A. |date=1 April 2004 |title=How Will the IMF Select its New Managing Director? (2004) |ssrn=540504 }}</ref> Together, the managing director and their First Deputy lead the senior management of the IMF.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508223807/https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials |archive-date=8 May 2021 |title=IMF Senior Officials |date= }}</ref> Like the managing director, the First Deputy traditionally serves a five-year term.

==== List of First Deputy Managing Directors ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No.
!Dates
!Name
!Citizenship
!Background
|-
|1
|9 February 1949 – 24 January 1952
|Andrew Overby
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Banker, Senior U.S. Treasury Official
|-
|2
|16 March 1953 – 31 October 1962
|[[Merle Cochran]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|U.S. Foreign Service Officer
|-
|3
|1 November 1962 – 28 February 1974
|[[Frank Southard]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Economist, Civil Servant
|-
|4
|1 March 1974 – 31 May 1984
|William Dale
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Civil Servant
|-
|5
|1 June 1984 – 31 August 1994
|Richard Erb
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Economist, White House Official
|-
|6
|1 September 1994 – 31 August 2001
|[[Stanley Fischer]]
|{{flagcountry|Israel}}<br />{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|United States}}}}
|Economist, Central Banker, Banker
|-
|7
|1 September 2001 – 31 August 2006
|[[Anne Osborn Krueger|Anne Kreuger]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Economist
|-
|8
|17 July 2006 – 11 November 2011
|[[John Lipsky]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Economist
|-
|9
|1 September 2011 – 28 February 2020
|[[David Lipton]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Economist, Senior U.S. Treasury Official
|-
|10
|20 March 2020 – 20 January 2022
|[[Geoffrey Okamoto]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|Senior U.S. Treasury Official, Bank Consultant
|-
|11
|21 January 2022 – present 
|[[Gita Gopinath]]
|{{flagcountry|United States}} 
|Professor at Harvard University's Economics department<br />Chief Economist of IMF
|}

=== Chief Economist ===
{{Main|Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund}}
The chief economist leads the research division of the IMF and is a "senior official" of the IMF.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials |title=Senior Officials of the International Monetary Fund |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2022 |access-date=14 October 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508223807/https://www.imf.org/en/About/senior-officials |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== List of Chief Economists ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Term
!Dates
!Name
!Citizenship
|-
|1
|1946–1958
|Edward Bernstein<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/10/us/edward-bernstein-economics-expert-is-dead-at-91.html |title=The New York Times Obituary: Dr. Bernstein went on to be the first director of research at the International Monetary Fund, from 1946 to 1958 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 June 1996 |last1=Pace |first1=Eric |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814075617/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/10/us/edward-bernstein-economics-expert-is-dead-at-91.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|2
|1958–1980
|[[Jacques J. Polak|Jacques Polak]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|-
|3
|1980–1987
|William Hood<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/archive/pdf/ar1985.pdf |title=IMF Annual Report 1985 |website=IMF |access-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913001202/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/archive/pdf/ar1985.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/archive/pdf/ar1980.pdf |title=IMF Annual Report 1980 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912231504/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/archive/pdf/ar1980.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|-
|4
|1987–1991
|[[Jacob A. Frenkel|Jacob Frenkel]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030717/rajan.shtml |title=Economist Rajan joins IMF |website=chronicle.uchicago.edu |access-date=21 September 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126140639/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030717/rajan.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Israel}}
|-
|5
|August 1991 – 29 June 2001
|[[Michael Mussa]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/29/18/03/nb0125 |title=News Brief: Mussa To Step Down as IMF Economic Counsellor |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150755/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/29/18/03/nb0125 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|6
|August 2001 – September 2003
|[[Kenneth Rogoff]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr0127 |title=Press Release: IMF Managing Director Köhler Proposes Stanford University's Krueger As First Deputy And Names Three Department Heads |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150758/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr0127 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|7
|September 2003 – January 2007
|[[Raghuram Rajan]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr03100 |title=Press Release: IMF Managing Director Köhler Proposes Raghuram Rajan as Economic Counsellor and Director of the IMF's Research Department |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=13 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413174951/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr03100 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|India}}
|-
|8
|March 2007 – 31 August 2008
|[[Simon Johnson (economist)|Simon Johnson]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr0734 |title=Press Release: IMF Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato Proposes Simon Johnson as Economic Counsellor and Director of the IMF's Research Department |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150754/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr0734 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}}}<br />{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|9
|1 September 2008 – 8 September 2015
|[[Olivier Blanchard]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr08122 |title=Press Release: IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn Announces Department Director Appointments |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150756/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr08122 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|-
|10
|8 September 2015 – 31 December 2018
|[[Maurice Obstfeld]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr15343 |title=Press Release: IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde Appoints Maurice Obstfeld as Economic Counsellor and Director of the IMF's Research Department |website=IMF |access-date=8 May 2023 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508150801/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr15343 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|11
|1 January 2019 – 21 January 2022 
|[[Gita Gopinath]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/10/01/pr18386-christine-lagarde-appoints-gita-gopinath-as-imf-chief-economist |title=Christine Lagarde Appoints Gita Gopinath as IMF Chief Economist |website=IMF |access-date=29 March 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172659/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/10/01/pr18386-christine-lagarde-appoints-gita-gopinath-as-imf-chief-economist |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|-
|12
|24 January 2022 – present
|[[Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IMF Managing Director Names Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas as IMF Economic Counsellor and Head of Research Department |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2022/01/10/pr2201-imf-managing-director-names-pierre-olivier-gourinchas-economic-counsellor-head-research-dept |access-date=28 January 2022 |website=IMF |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411172033/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2022/01/10/pr2201-imf-managing-director-names-pierre-olivier-gourinchas-economic-counsellor-head-research-dept |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|}

=== IMF staff ===
IMF staff have considerable autonomy and are known to shape IMF policy. According to Jeffrey Chwieroth, "It is the staff members who conduct the bulk of the IMF's tasks; they formulate policy proposals for consideration by member states, exercise surveillance, carry out loan negotiations and design the programs, and collect and systematize detailed information."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chwieroth |first=Jeffrey M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |title=Capital Ideas: The IMF and the Rise of Financial Liberalization |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3382-5 |pages=10 |access-date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523024327/https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |url-status=live }}</ref> Most IMF staff are economists.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chwieroth |first=Jeffrey M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |title=Capital Ideas: The IMF and the Rise of Financial Liberalization |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3382-5 |pages=41 |access-date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523024327/https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a 1968 study, nearly 60% of staff were from English-speaking developed countries.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Chwieroth |first=Jeffrey M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |title=Capital Ideas: The IMF and the Rise of Financial Liberalization |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3382-5 |pages=48–49 |access-date=7 May 2023 |archive-date=23 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523024327/https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgDKWbm6yIC |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2004, between 40 and 50% of staff were from English-speaking developed countries.<ref name=":2" />

A 1996 study found that 90% of new staff with a PhD obtained them from universities in the United States or Canada.<ref name=":2" /> A 1999 study found that none of the new staff with a PhD obtained their PhD in the Global South.<ref name=":2" />