Editing Imperial units (section)

=== Canada ===
{{See also|Metrication in Canada}}
[[File:GasCan.jpg|thumb|upright|A one US gallon gas can purchased near the US-Canada border showing equivalences in imperial gallons and litres]]
[[File:Canadian canned food labels showing imperial and metric units of measurement.jpg|thumb|Imperial and metric measurements on Canadian canned goods labels. The imperial measurements often take precedence over the metric ones on labels.]]
During the 1970s, the metric system and SI units were introduced in Canada to replace the imperial system. Within the government, efforts to implement the metric system were extensive; almost any agency, institution, or function provided by the government uses SI units exclusively. Imperial units were eliminated from all public road signs and both systems of measurement will still be found on privately owned signs, such as the height warnings at the entrance of a [[Multi-storey car park|parkade]]. In the 1980s, momentum to fully convert to the metric system stalled when the government of [[Brian Mulroney]] was elected. There was heavy opposition to metrication and as a compromise the government maintains legal definitions for and allows use of imperial units as long as metric units are shown as well.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/W-6/sc:2//en#anchorsc:2
 |title=Weights and Measures Act: Canadian units of measure
 |publisher=Justice Canada
 |access-date=14 November 2007
 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042528/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/W-6/sc%3A2//en
 |archive-date=5 June 2011
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
 |chapter-url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/ch11e.shtml#11.2 
 |title=Guide to Food Labelling and Advertising 
 |chapter=11 
 |publisher=[[Canadian Food Inspection Agency]] 
 |access-date=1 December 2007 
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124081159/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/ch11e.shtml 
 |archive-date=24 January 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._417/
 |title=Consumer Packaging and Labelling Regulations (C.R.C., c. 417)
 |access-date=15 November 2012
 |publisher=Justice Canada, Legislative Services Branch
 |archive-date=27 December 2012
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227050045/http://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.%2C%5Fc.%5F417/
 |url-status=live
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/mc-mc.nsf/eng/lm04293.html#Part3SectionA
 |title=Field Inspection Manual — Automatic Weighing Devices: Part 3, Section A: Abbreviations and Symbols Accepted in Canada
 |date=2 February 2017
 |access-date=21 July 2022
 |archive-date=26 August 2022
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826160500/https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/mc-mc.nsf/eng/lm04293.html#Part3SectionA
 |url-status=live
 }}</ref>

The law requires that measured products (such as fuel and meat) be priced in metric units and an imperial price can be shown if a metric price is present.<ref name="Canadian compromise">
{{cite web |url=http://archives.cbc.ca/clip.asp?page=1&IDLan=1&IDClip=10620&IDCat=345&IDCatPa=261 |title=A Canadian compromise |access-date=11 March 2008 |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] |date=30 January 1985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116024023/http://archives.cbc.ca/clip.asp?page=1&IDLan=1&IDClip=10620&IDCat=345&IDCatPa=261 |archive-date=2009-01-16}}
</ref><ref name="Livre">{{cite web |url=http://archives.radio-canada.ca/clip.asp?page=1&IDLan=0&IDClip=9378&IDCat=216&IDCatPa=151 |title=Les livres et les pieds, toujours présents (eng:The pounds and feet, always present) |access-date=11 March 2008 |publisher=5 sur 5, Société [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|Radio-Canada]] |language=fr |archive-date=6 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606173005/http://archives.radio-canada.ca/clip.asp?page=1&IDLan=0&IDClip=9378&IDCat=216&IDCatPa=151 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There tends to be leniency in regards to fruits and vegetables being priced in imperial units only.
[[Environment Canada]] still offers an imperial unit option beside metric units, even though weather is typically measured and reported in metric units in the Canadian media. Some radio stations near the United States border (such as [[CIMX]] and [[CIDR-FM|CIDR]]) primarily use imperial units to report the weather. Railways in Canada also continue to use imperial units.

Imperial units are still used in ordinary conversation. Today, Canadians typically use a mix of metric and imperial measurements in their daily lives. The use of the metric and imperial systems varies by age. The older generation mostly uses the imperial system, while the younger generation more often uses the metric system. [[Quebec]] has implemented metrication more fully. {{citation needed |date=July 2019}} Newborns are measured in SI at hospitals, but the birth weight and length is also announced to family and friends in imperial units. Drivers' licences use SI units, though many English-speaking Canadians give their height and weight in imperial. In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars per [[hundredweight]] (short), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms. Imperial units still dominate in recipes, construction, house renovation and gardening.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bwmaonline.com/Imperial%20Origins.htm|title=Imperial Measures - The Origins|publisher=[[British Weights and Measures Association]]|website=BWMAOnline.com|date=15 February 2021|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-date=15 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101232/http://www.bwmaonline.com/Imperial%20Origins.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/national-post-latest-edition/20110222/283661116291286|title=Crepes worth savouring|work=[[National Post]]|via=PressReader.com|first=Amy|last=Rosen|date=23 February 2011|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711135613/https://www.pressreader.com/canada/national-post-latest-edition/20110222/283661116291286|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/national-post-national-edition/20110201/283403418230709|title=Scoring brownie points|work=[[National Post]]|via=PressReader.com|first=Amy|last=Rosen|date=2 February 2011|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711135612/https://www.pressreader.com/canada/national-post-national-edition/20110201/283403418230709|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/drinking-school/wcm/f22ca2bc-5ad6-4a50-a8c9-eee40d832521|title=Drinking school|work=[[National Post]]|first=Adam|last=McDowell|date=28 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homehardware.ca/en/cat/index.htm/Building-Supplies/Building-Materials/Fence-Products/_/N-nthr4|title=Home Hardware - Building Supplies - Building Materials - Fence Products|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070126/http://www.homehardware.ca/en/cat/index.htm/Building-Supplies/Building-Materials/Fence-Products/_/N-nthr4|archive-date=29 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Land is now surveyed and registered in metric units whilst initial surveys used imperial units. For example, partitioning of farmland on the prairies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was done in imperial units; this accounts for imperial units of distance and area retaining wide use in the [[Prairie Provinces]]. 

In English-speaking Canada commercial and residential spaces are mostly (but not exclusively) constructed using square feet, while in French-speaking Quebec commercial and residential spaces are constructed in metres and advertised using both square metres and square feet as equivalents. Carpet or flooring tile is purchased by the square foot, but less frequently also in square metres.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g153339-c15311/Canada:Metric.System.html| title = Canada: Metric System| access-date = 24 February 2020| archive-date = 13 February 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200213223443/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g153339-c15311/Canada:Metric.System.html| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lapresse.ca/vivre/societe/201508/25/01-4895245-systeme-metrique-a-quand-le-virage-final.php|title=Système métrique: à quand le virage final?|first=Marie|last=Allard|work=LaPresse.ca|date=2015-08-25|language=fr|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224085807/https://www.lapresse.ca/vivre/societe/201508/25/01-4895245-systeme-metrique-a-quand-le-virage-final.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Motor-vehicle fuel consumption is reported in both litres per {{Val|100|u=km}} and statute miles per imperial gallon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/transportation/tools/fuelratings/ratings-search.cfm?attr=8|title=Fuel Consumption Ratings Search Tool - Conventional Vehicles|first=Government of Canada, Natural Resources|last=Canada|access-date=15 January 2009|archive-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181822/http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/transportation/tools/fuelratings/ratings-search.cfm?attr=8|url-status=dead}}</ref> leading to the erroneous impression that Canadian vehicles are 20% more fuel-efficient than their apparently identical American counterparts for which fuel economy is reported in statute miles per US gallon (neither country specifies which gallon is used). Canadian railways maintain exclusive use of imperial measurements to describe train length (feet), train height (feet), capacity ([[Short ton|tons]]), speed (mph), and trackage (miles).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/1996/r96w0171/r96w0171.asp|title=Railway Investigation Report R96W0171|first=Government of Canada, Transportation Safety Board of|last=Canada|date=9 April 1999|access-date=5 March 2011|archive-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181813/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/1996/r96w0171/r96w0171.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Imperial units also retain common use in firearms and ammunition. Imperial measures are still used in the description of cartridge types, even when the cartridge is of relatively recent invention (e.g., [[.204 Ruger]], [[.17 HMR]], where the calibre is expressed in decimal fractions of an inch). Ammunition that is already classified in metric is still kept metric (e.g., [[9×19mm]]). In the manufacture of ammunition, bullet and powder weights are expressed in terms of [[grain (measure)|grains]] for both metric and imperial cartridges.

In keeping with the international standard, air navigation is based on ''nautical'' units, e.g., the nautical mile, which is neither imperial nor metric, and altitude is measured in imperial feet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.langleyflyingschool.com/Pages/Canadian%20Aviation%20Regulations.html#Altimeter%20Rules|title=Canadian Aviation Regulations|website=Langley Flying School|at=sec. "Altimeter Rules"|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514113051/http://www.langleyflyingschool.com/Pages/Canadian%20Aviation%20Regulations.html#Altimeter%20Rules|url-status=live}}</ref>