Editing Hotel Chelsea (section)

=== Bard, Gross, and Krauss operation ===
The last member of the Chelsea Association died around 1941, and the hotel went bankrupt around the same time.<ref name="Tippins p. 100">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=100|ps=.}}</ref> The [[New York Bank for Savings]] repossessed the building at an auction in approximately July 1942. That October, the Bank for Savings sold the hotel, along with the adjacent brownstone house at 229 West 22nd Street, to the Chelsea Hotel Company at an assessed value of $561,500 ({{inflation|index=US-GDP|value=561500|start_year=1942|r=-3|fmt=eq}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}). The buyers took over a $220,000 mortgage ({{inflation|index=US-GDP|value=220000|start_year=1942|r=-3|fmt=eq}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}) that had been placed on the hotel.<ref name="The New York Times 1942">{{Cite news |date=October 5, 1942 |title=Hotel on 23d St. Bought From Bank; The Chelsea and Home in Rear Are Sold for Cash Over a Mortgage of $220,000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/10/05/archives/hotel-on-23d-st-bought-from-bank-the-chelsea-and-home-in-rear-are.html |access-date=October 15, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221413/https://www.nytimes.com/1942/10/05/archives/hotel-on-23d-st-bought-from-bank-the-chelsea-and-home-in-rear-are.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 6, 1942 |title=Savings Bank Sells 11-Story Hotel Building: Syndicate Buys Chelsea in West 23d St. for All Cash Over 220,000 Mortgage |page=35 |newspaper=[[New York Herald Tribune]]|id={{ProQuest|1266911220}}}}</ref>{{efn|Later sources give varying dates of 1939,<ref name="encnyc" /><ref name="Nathan 1993" /> 1940,<ref name="Cale 2000" /><ref name="The Wall Street Journal 1972" /><ref name="Ackroyd 1983" /> or 1942<ref name="Gray 1998" />}} At the time, the hotel had seven stores, 319 guestrooms, and 176 bathrooms.<ref name="The New York Times 1942" /> Following the sale to the Chelsea Hotel Company, the hotel was operated by a syndicate of Hungarian immigrants represented by David Bard and Frank Amigo.<ref name="Tippins p. 100" /> The new operators were tasked with updating the hotel, which had outdated plumbing and electrical wiring; dilapidated elevators; and dirty walls. In addition, Bard had to dispel rumors circulating among existing tenants, who believed that Bard had won the hotel in a poker game and wanted to raze it.{{sfn|Tippins|2013|p=101}}

The [[United States Shipping Board]] leased the ground and second floors in late 1942,<ref>{{cite news |date=December 17, 1942 |title=Seamen School Graduates Bunk At the Chelsea: 100 Moveln at Famed Hotel, Part of Which Is Leased as Merchant Marine Center |page=22 |newspaper=[[New York Herald Tribune]]|id={{ProQuest|1264400920}}}}</ref> and members of the [[United States Maritime Service]] used the space as the U.S. Maritime Service Graduate Station.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 17, 1943 |title=Sea Duty Call Ends Maritime Dance |page=729 |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-sea-duty-call-ends-maritime-d/133517116/ |access-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221414/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-sea-duty-call-ends-maritime-d/133517116/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1944, architect Morris Whinston filed plans for $5,000 ({{inflation|index=US-GDP|value=5000|start_year=1944|r=-3|fmt=eq}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|group=lower-alpha}}) worth of alterations to the hotel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 23, 1944 |title=Architects File Variety of Plans; Bank Building and Two New Apartments Are Among the Manhattan Projects|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1944/11/23/archives/architects-file-variety-of-plans-bank-building-and-two-new.html |access-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221916/https://www.nytimes.com/1944/11/23/archives/architects-file-variety-of-plans-bank-building-and-two-new.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Chelsea started to become associated with [[bohemianism]] during the 1940s and 1950s,<ref name="Gray 1998" /> and many original design details were removed during that era.{{sfn|Hamilton|2007|p=XIV}} A 1946 article in the ''[[The Record (Troy)|Troy Record]]'' noted that artists lived in 25 of the Chelsea's 300 units and that the hotel no longer served traditional celebrities.<ref name="The Troy Record 1946">{{Cite news |date=February 19, 1946 |title=New York's Hotel Chelsea Still Operates |page=6 |work=The Troy Record |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-troy-record-new-yorks-hotel-chelsea/133513278/ |access-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221920/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-troy-record-new-yorks-hotel-chelsea/133513278/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The structure also hosted office tenants such as the [[World Congress of the Partisans of Peace]] on the ground floor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 14, 1950 |title='World Peace' Plea is Circulated Here; Stockholm Appeal, Attacked as Soviet Trick, Passed Out at Hotel Suites|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/07/14/archives/world-peace-plea-is-circulated-here-stockholm-appeal-attacked-as.html |access-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221917/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/07/14/archives/world-peace-plea-is-circulated-here-stockholm-appeal-attacked-as.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Bard had grown exasperated of the tenants' complaints by 1947, when he sold most of his shares to desk clerk Julius Krauss and plumber Joseph Gross, retaining five percent of his shares in the building.<ref name="Tippins p. 107">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=107|ps=.}}</ref> During this era, the hotel often served as a gathering place for left-wing and socialist activists; for instance, one of the ground-floor spaces was occupied by left-wing organizers who supported the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]].<ref name="Tippins p. 106">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=106|ps=.}}</ref>

Bard again became involved in the hotel's operations by the early 1950s.<ref name="Tippins p. 107" /> By then, additional apartments had been subdivided, and the interiors had been significantly modified. The floors had been covered with linoleum; the walls had been painted over; and the skylight above the Chelsea's main staircase had been sealed.<ref name="Tippins p. 113">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=113|ps=.}}</ref> Bard, Gross, and Krauss jointly operated the hotel through the rest of this decade.<ref name="encnyc">Regier, Hilda. "Chelsea Hotel" in {{cite enc-nyc}}, p.210</ref> The [[El Quijote (restaurant)|El Quijote]] restaurant, operated by a group of Spanish immigrants,<ref name="Tippins p. 132">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=132|ps=.}}</ref> moved to the Hotel Chelsea in 1955.<ref name="Paddleford 1956" /> The next year, inspectors found that the hotel had accumulated sixteen violations of city building codes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 23, 1956 |title=Owner of the Chelsea Fined|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/23/archives/owner-of-the-chelsea-fined.html |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021221917/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/10/23/archives/owner-of-the-chelsea-fined.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By the late 1950s, the Chelsea had begun to accept black residents, starting with the printmaker [[Robert Blackburn (artist)|Robert Blackburn]], and European artists were increasingly moving in.<ref name="Tippins p. 132" /> David Bard had sold all of his remaining hotels and spent large amounts of his time talking to the artists and authors who resided there.<ref name="Tippins p. 132" /> His son Stanley, who would later manage the hotel himself, recalled being jealous of the hotel because David spent all of his time there.<ref name="Fleming 1983" /><ref name="Vowell 1999">{{Cite magazine |id={{ProQuest|2478051549}} |title=I'll Take the Room With the Tortured Past |last=Vowell |first=Sarah |magazine=GQ: Gentlemen's Quarterly |volume=69 |issue=2 |date=Feb 1999 |pages=97–100, 102–103}}</ref>

By the beginning of the 1960s, the Chelsea Hotel was known as the "Dowager of 23rd Street",<ref name="Stephenson 1963" /> and the surrounding area was populated with what Tippins referred to as "tawdry bars and low-rent offices".{{sfn|Tippins|2013|p=137}} Nearly all of the entertainment venues in the area had been replaced with stores and apartments.<ref name="Stephenson 1963" /> Most of the hotel's occupants were long-term residents, who rarely moved away<ref>{{Cite news |last=Talese |first=Gay|author-link=Gay Talese|date=December 5, 1962 |title=A West Side Hotel That Charmed O. Henry Retains Old Character|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/05/archives/a-west-side-hotel-that-charmed-o-henry-retains-old-character-plaque.html |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021222418/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/05/archives/a-west-side-hotel-that-charmed-o-henry-retains-old-character-plaque.html |url-status=live}}</ref> due to the low rental rates.{{sfn|Tippins|2013|p=138}} [[Nouveaux Realistes]] artists also began to frequent the hotel in the 1960s,<ref name="Tippins p. 143">{{Harvnb|Tippins|2013|p=143|ps=.}}</ref> and pop artists often collaborated there by 1962.{{sfn|Tippins|2013|p=148}} [[The New York Community Trust]] installed a plaque outside the building in 1962, detailing the hotel's history.<ref name="Stephenson 1963" /> Other plaques honoring specific residents were installed in the mid-1960s, including those for the author [[Thomas Wolfe]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 22, 1964 |title=Novel About 'Mutiny' Found Unconvincing |page=24 |work=The Reporter Dispatch |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-reporter-dispatch-novel-about-mutin/133571477/ |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021222420/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-reporter-dispatch-novel-about-mutin/133571477/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the playwright and poet [[Brendan Behan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 20, 1965 |title=Brendan Behan Plaque Presented |page=7 |newspaper=The Irish Times |id={{ProQuest|524415828}}}}</ref>