Editing Hormizd IV (section)

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last = Al-Tabari | first = Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir | author-link=Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari | editor1 = Ehsan Yar-Shater | title = The History of Al-Ṭabarī. | volume = 40 vols. | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = Albany, NY | date = 1985–2007 }}
* {{cite book | last = Axworthy | first = Michael | author-link = Michael Axworthy | title = A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind | year = 2008 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | pages = 1–368| isbn = 978-0-465-00888-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Bonner |first=Michael |title=The Last Empire of Iran |year=2020 |publisher=Gorgias Press |location=Piscataway, NJ |pages=1–406 |isbn=978-1-4632-0616-1}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Curtis|first1=Vesta Sarkhosh|author-link=Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis| title=Some observations on coins of Peroz and Kavad I |journal=M. Alram and D.e. Klimburg-Salter (Eds) Coins, Art and Archaeology. Essays on the Pre-Islamic History of the Indo -Iranian Borderlands |date=1999|pages=303–313|url=https://www.academia.edu/6187749|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book | title = Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire | year = 2014 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Daryaee| first = Touraj | author-link = Touraj Daryaee | pages = [https://archive.org/details/SasanianPersia/page/n2 1]–240 | isbn = 978-0-85771-666-8 | url = https://archive.org/details/SasanianPersia }} {{free access}}
* {{cite book |first1=Touraj |last1=Daryaee|first2=Khodadad|last2=Rezakhani|title=From Oxus to Euphrates: The World of Late Antique Iran |date=2016 |publisher=H&S Media |pages=1–126|isbn=978-1-78083-577-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYnMCwAAQBAJ}}
*{{cite book|last1=Greatrex|first1=Geoffrey|last2=Lieu|first2=Samuel N. C.|title=The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)|location=New York, New York and London, United Kingdom|publisher=Routledge (Taylor & Francis)|year=2002|isbn=0-415-14687-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zc8iAQAAIAAJ}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | last = Howard-Johnston | first  = James | title = Ḵosrow II | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khosrow-ii | year = 2010 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition | access-date = 27 February 2016}}
* {{cite book | title = Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O | year = 2007 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | last = Jaques| first = Tony | pages = 1–1354 | isbn = 978-0-313-33538-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&q=false}}
* {{cite book|last1=Kia|first1=Mehrdad|title=The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-391-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&q=sasanians+rhodes}}
* {{cite book | title = History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750 | year = 1996 | volume=III| publisher = UNESCO | last1 = Litvinsky | first1 = B. A. | first2 = Ahmad Hasan | last2 = Dani | isbn = 978-92-3-103211-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfCivilizationsOfCentralAsia/page/n7}} {{free access}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Martindale|editor1-first=John Robert|editor2-last=Jones|editor2-first=Arnold Hugh Martin|editor3-last=Morris|editor3-first=J.|title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641|year=1992|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-20160-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElkwedRWCXkC}}
*{{cite book | last = Payne | first = Richard E. | title = A State of Mixture: Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity |publisher=Univ of California Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-520-96153-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtjsCQAAQBAJ&q=false | pages = 1–320 }}
*{{cite book|last=Pourshariati|first=Parvaneh|title=Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran|location=London and New York|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84511-645-3|url=http://www.victoriaazad.com/pdf/Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Sasanian_Empire.pdf}} {{free access}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rapp |first1=Stephen H. Jr |title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-4724-2552-2 }}
* {{cite book | title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity | year = 2017 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | chapter = East Iran in Late Antiquity| pages = 1–256 | isbn = 978-1-4744-0030-5 | jstor = 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8 }} {{registration required}}
* {{cite book |last1=Schindel |first1=Nikolaus |editor-last=Potts|editor-first=Daniel T.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973330-9 |chapter=Sasanian Coinage}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Iranian influences in Armenian Language | last1 = Schmitt | first1 = R. | last2 = Bailey | first2= H. W. | author-link1 = Rüdiger Schmitt | author-link2 = Harold Walter Bailey | url = https://iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-iv | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4-5 | pages = 445–465 | year = 1986 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Sebeos |author-link=Sebeos |title=The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos, Part I: Translation and Notes |publisher=Liverpool University Press |others=Translated, with notes, by [[Robert W. Thomson|R. W. Thomson]]. Historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston. Assistance from Tim Greenwood |year=1999 |isbn=0-85323-564-3}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Bahrām VI Čōbīn | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Sh. | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-06 | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5 | pages = 514–522 | location = London et al. | year = 1988 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Besṭām o Bendōy | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 2 | pages = 180–182 | last = Shahbazi | first = A. Shapur | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bestam-o-bendoy | year = 1989 }}
*{{cite encyclopedia | last = Shahbazi | first  = A. Shapur | title = Hormozd IV | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-iv | year = 2004 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 466–467 }}
* {{cite book|last=Shahîd|first=Irfan|title=Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1|location=Washington, District of Columbia|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks|year=1995|isbn=978-0-88402-214-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEvEV9OVzacC}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Hormozd I | last = Shayegan | first = M. Rahim | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-i | encyclopedia  = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 5 | pages = 462–464 | year = 2004 }}
* {{cite book |first1=M. Rahim |last1=Shayegan|editor1-last=Potts |editor1-first=Daniel T. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=Sasanian political ideology|pages=1–1021|isbn=978-0-19-066866-2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_tRvgAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book | title = The Making of the Georgian Nation | year = 1994 | publisher = Indiana University Press | last = Suny | first = Ronald Grigor | pages = 1–418 | isbn = 978-0-253-20915-3 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Āẕīn Jošnas | last = Tafazzoli | first = A. | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopaedia Iranica]], Vol. III, Fasc. 3 | page = 260 | year = 1988 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azin-josnas-commander-of-the-sasanian-hormazd-iv }}
* {{ODLA|last1=Vevaina|first1=Yuhan|last2=Canepa|first2=Matthew|title=Ohrmazd|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-3439?rskey=yx9iQR&result=10}}
*{{cite book|last=Warren|first=Soward|title=Theophylact Simocatta and the Persians|url= https://wildfiregames.com/forum/applications/core/interface/file/attachment.php?id=7148|publisher=Sasanika}} {{free access}}
*{{cite book|last1=Whitby|first1=Michael|last2=Whitby|first2=Mary|title=The History of Theophylact Simocatta|location=Oxford, United Kingdom|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-19-822799-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtRfAAAAMAAJ}}

===Further reading===
*{{cite book|last=Crawford|first=Peter|title=The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam|publisher=Pen and Sword|year=2013|isbn=978-1-84884-612-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPAHBAAAQBAJ&q=false}}
*{{cite journal|last=Foss|first=Clive|date=October 1975|title=The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=XC|issue=CCCLVII|pages=721–47|doi=10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLVII.721}}
* {{cite book | title = The History of Ancient Iran | year = 1984 | publisher = C.H. Beck | last = Frye | first = Richard Nelson | author-link = Richard Nelson Frye | pages = [https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye/page/1 1–411] | isbn = 978-3-406-09397-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye/page/1 |url-access=registration}} 
*{{cite book| last = Oman| first =Charles|author-link= Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman| title =Europe, 476-918, Volume 1| publisher =Macmillan| year =1893|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_N6A-AAAAYAAJ}} 
*{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era|location=London and New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-933079-9|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&q=Nomadism+in+Iran:+From+Antiquity+to+the+Modern+Era+potts|pages=1–558}}
*{{cite book|last=Rawlinson|first=George|title=The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World|publisher=Gorgias Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59333-171-9|volume=3}} ([[iarchive:sevengreatmonar03rawl|Old edition]] on the Internet Archive.)
*{{cite encyclopedia | last = Shahbazi | first  = A. Shapur | title = Sasanian dynasty | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty | year = 2005 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian dynasty]]||{{circa|540}}||June 590}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Khosrow I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran]]|years=579–590}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bahram Chobin]] {{small|(rival king)}}<br />[[Khosrow II]] {{small|(successor)}}}}
{{s-end}}

{{Sasanian Rulers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hormizd 04}}
[[Category:Hormizd IV| ]]
[[Category:590 deaths]]
[[Category:Murdered Persian monarchs]]
[[Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:540s births]]
[[Category:6th-century Sasanian monarchs]]
[[Category:Shahnameh characters]]
[[Category:6th-century murdered monarchs]]