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===Thailand=== [[File:Hmong kids in Thailand.jpg|thumb|Hmong kids in [[Thailand]]]] The presence of Hmong settlements in Thailand is documented from the end of the 19th century on. Initially, the [[Siamese people|Siamese]] paid little attention to them. But in the early 1950s, the state suddenly took a number of initiatives aimed at establishing links. Decolonization and nationalism were gaining momentum in the peninsula and wars of independence were raging. Armed opposition to the state in northern Thailand, triggered by outside influence, started in 1967 while again many Hmong refused to take sides in the conflict. Communist [[guerrilla warfare]] stopped by 1982 as a result of an international concurrence of events that rendered it pointless. Priority has since been given by the Thai state to sedentarizing the mountain population, introducing commercially viable agricultural techniques and national education, with the aim of integrating these non-Tai animists within the national identity.<ref>Tapp, Nicholas, 1989 ''Sovereignty and Rebellion''. Oxford.{{page needed|date=January 2016}}</ref><ref>Cooper, Robert G. 1984 ''Resource scarcity and the Hmong response''. Singapore University Press, Singapore.{{page needed|date=January 2016}}</ref>
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