Editing History of the Internet (section)

===CYCLADES===
{{Main|CYCLADES}}

The [[CYCLADES]] packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by [[Louis Pouzin]]. In 1972, he began planning the network to explore alternatives to the early ARPANET design and to support [[internetworking]] research. First demonstrated in 1973, it was the first network to implement the [[end-to-end principle]] conceived by Donald Davies and make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using [[Datagrams#Packets vs. datagrams|unreliable datagrams]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Green |first=Lelia |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/504280762 |title=The internet: an introduction to new media |date=2010 |publisher=Berg |isbn=978-1-84788-299-8 |series=Berg new media series |page=31 |oclc=504280762 |quote=The original ARPANET design had made data integrity part of the IMP's store-and-forward role, but Cyclades end-to-end protocol greatly simplified the packet switching operations of the network. ... The idea was to adopt several principles from Cyclades and invert the ARPANET model to minimise international differences.}}</ref><ref name="Bennett20092">{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Richard |date=September 2009 |title=Designed for Change: End-to-End Arguments, Internet Innovation, and the Net Neutrality Debate |url=https://www.itif.org/files/2009-designed-for-change.pdf |access-date=11 September 2017 |publisher=Information Technology and Innovation Foundation |pages=7, 9, 11 |quote=Two significant packet networks preceded the TCP/IP Internet: ARPANET and CYCLADES. The designers of the Internet borrowed heavily from these systems, especially CYCLADES ...  The first end-to-end research network was CYCLA DES, designed by Louis Pouzin at IRIA in France with the support of BBN’s Dave Walden and Alex McKenzie and deployed beginning in 1972.}}</ref> Concepts implemented in this network influenced [[TCP/IP]] architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/chris/think/Cyclades/index.shtml|title=A Technical History of CYCLADES|work=Technical Histories of the Internet & other Network Protocols|publisher=Computer Science Department, University of Texas Austin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901092641/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/chris/think/Cyclades/index.shtml|archive-date=September 1, 2013}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2013-11-30 |title=The internet's fifth man |url=https://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21590765-louis-pouzin-helped-create-internet-now-he-campaigning-ensure-its |access-date=2020-04-22 |newspaper=The Economist |quote=In the early 1970s Mr Pouzin created an innovative data network that linked locations in France, Italy and Britain. Its simplicity and efficiency pointed the way to a network that could connect not just dozens of machines, but millions of them. It captured the imagination of Dr Cerf and Dr Kahn, who included aspects of its design in the protocols that now power the internet.}}</ref>