Editing History of Tuvalu (section)

==Education in Tuvalu==

===The development of the education system===
The [[London Missionary Society]] (LMS) established a mission school at Papaelise on Funafuti; [[Sarah Jolliffe]] was the teacher for some years.<ref name="EFHA"/> The LMS established a primary school at Motufoua on [[Vaitupu]] in 1905. The purpose was to prepare young men for entry into the LMS seminary in [[Samoa]]. This school evolved into the [[Motufoua Secondary School]].<ref name="mapia">{{cite web| title= Motufoua Secondary School |url=http://wikimapia.org/4492759/Motufoua-Secondary-School |access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> There was also a school called Elisefou (New Ellice) on Vaitupu. The school was established in [[Funafuti]] in 1923 and moved to Vaitupu in 1924. It closed in 1953. Its first headmaster, [[Donald Gilbert Kennedy]] (1923–1932), was a known disciplinarian who would not hesitate to discipline his students. He was succeeded as headmaster by Melitiana of Nukulaelae.<ref name="LH1"/> In 1953 government schools were established on Nui, Nukufetau and Vaitupu and in the following year on the other islands. These schools replace the existing primary schools. However, the schools did not have capacity for all children until 1963, when the government improved educational standards.<ref name="HoT">{{cite book |first1= Enele |last1=Sapoaga |editor-first1=Hugh |editor-last1=Laracy |title=Tuvalu, A History, Chapter 19 – Post-War Development|year= 1976|publisher= University of the South Pacific/Government of Tuvalu}}</ref>

From 1953 until 1975 Tuvaluan students could sit the selection tests for admission to the [[King George V School (Gilbert and Ellice Islands)|King George V Secondary School]] for boys (which opened in 1953) and the Elaine Bernacchi Secondary School for girls. These schools were located on [[Tarawa]] in the Gilbert Islands (now [[Kiribati]]), which was the administrative centre of the [[Gilbert and Ellice Islands]] colony. In 1965 [[King George V and Elaine Bernacchi School]] were merged.<ref name=Talup242>Talu, Alaima. "Towards Quality in Education" (Chapter 21, in Part IV: Social Issues). In: Van Trease, Howard (editor). ''Atoll Politics: The Republic of Kiribati''. [[University of Canterbury]] MacMillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies and [[University of the South Pacific]] Institute of Pacific Studies, 1993. {{ISBN|095833000X}}, 9780958330008. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7rg-swcHq9QC&pg=PA242 242]</ref> Tarawa was also the location for training institutions such as the teachers college and the nursing centre.<ref name="HoT"/>

The activities of the LMS were taken over by the [[Church of Tuvalu]]. From 1905 to 1963 Motufoua only admitted students from LMS church schools. In 1963 the LMS and the government of Tuvalu began to co-operate in providing education and students were enrolled from government schools. In 1970 a secondary school for girls was opened at Motufoua.<ref name="HoT"/> In 1974, the Ellice Islanders voted for separate British dependency status as Tuvalu, separating from the Gilbert Islands which became Kiribati. The following year the students that attended school on Tawara were transferred to Motufoua. From 1975 the Church of Tuvalu and the government jointly administer the School.<ref name="HoT"/> Eventually administration of [[Motufoua Secondary School]] became the sole responsibility of the Department of Education of Tuvalu.

[[Fetuvalu Secondary School]], a day school operated by the Church of Tuvalu, is located on [[Funafuti]].<ref name="WEF">{{cite web| title= Education for All 2015 National Review: Tuvalu| publisher= World Education Forum |date=22 May 2015 |url= http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002331/233123e.pdf|access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ESR">{{cite web| title= Education Statistical Report | publisher= Tuvalu Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports |year= 2012|url= https://prism.spc.int/component/advlisting/?view=download&format=raw&fileId=62|access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref> The school re-opened in 2003 having been closed for 5 years.<ref name="SPE">{{cite web| title= Part 2: Services and Opportunities| publisher= UNICEF| url= http://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/Tuvalu_Sitan_Part_3.pdf| access-date= 15 July 2017| archive-date= 30 May 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130530205921/http://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/Tuvalu_Sitan_Part_3.pdf| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="PM">{{cite book |last1= Turner |first1=Barry |title= The Statesman's Yearbook 2015: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World|year= 2014|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan }}</ref>

In 2011, Fusi Alofa Association Tuvalu (FAA – Tuvalu) established a school for children with special needs.<ref name="FAA"/>

Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. The CTSs provide vocational training to students that do not progress beyond Class 8. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, sewing and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates of CTC can apply to continue studies either at [[Motufoua Secondary School]] or the [[Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute]] (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs.<ref name="SB">{{cite web |last1= Salanieta Bakalevu (Project Coordinator) |first1= David Manuella, Tuvalu USP Campus |title= Open Schooling as a Strategy for Second-chance Education in the Pacific: A desk study report |pages= 96–100 |date= June 2011 |publisher= Commonwealth of Learning (COL) / University of the South Pacific |url= http://dspace.col.org/bitstream/123456789/435/1/Open-Schooling-Strategy-for-Second-Chance-Education-Pacific-Report.pdf |access-date= 20 November 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130513082239/http://dspace.col.org/bitstream/123456789/435/1/Open-Schooling-Strategy-for-Second-Chance-Education-Pacific-Report.pdf |archive-date= 13 May 2013 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

===Education in the 21st century===
The [[University of the South Pacific]] (USP) operates an Extension Centre in [[Funafuti]].<ref name="USPt1">{{cite web| work= Welcome to the Tuvalu Campus|title=  University of the South Pacific – Tuvalu Campus|year =2019 |url= https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=3666|access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> The USP organised a seminar in June 1997 for the purposes of the Tuvalu community informing USP of their requirements for future tertiary education and training, and to assist in the development of the Tuvaluan educational policy.<ref name="USP1997">{{cite web| title= Tuvalu Education for the 21st Century: Priorities and Needs | publisher=Report of the Tuvalu Strategic Planning Seminar in Education, Funafuti 10–12 June 1997 (University of the South Pacific)|year=1997 |url= http://www.paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=d-0paddle--00-1-0---0-10-TX--4------0-11l--1-en-50---20-home---00031-000-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=file&d=usp006|access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> The Government of Tuvalu, with the assistance of the Asian Development Bank, developed a draft master plan to develop the educational sector, with the draft plan being discussed at a workshop in June 2004.<ref name="MP">{{cite web| title= Tuvalu Education and Training Sector Master Plan (Draft)| publisher= Asian Development Bank, Manila (TA No. TUV-4306)|year=2004 |url= http://www.paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=d-0paddle--00-1-0---0-10-TX--4------0-11l--1-en-50---20-copyright---00031-000-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=file&d=tuv004|access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref>

Education in Tuvalu has been the subject of reviews including in Tuvalu-Australia Education Support Program (TAESP) reports beginning in 1997, the Westover Report (AusAID 2000), the report on Quality in Education and Training by the Ministry of Education and Sport, Tuvalu (MOES 2002), the Tuvalu Technical and Vocational Education and Training Study (NZAID 2003), the report on Tuvalu Curriculum Framework (AusAID 2003)<ref name="MP"/> with further development of the National Curriculum (AusAID 2004).<ref name="RTRR">{{cite web|author1=Ron Toomey |author2=Rejieli Racule | title= A Tuvalu National Curriculum in its Educational and Administrative Contexts | publisher= RMIT International Pty Ltd |date=12 May 2004 |url= http://www.paddle.usp.ac.fj/cgi-bin/paddle?e=d-0paddle--00-1-0---0-10-TX--4------0-11l--1-en-50---20-preferences---00031-000-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=file&d=tuv001 |access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref>

The priorities of the Education Department in 2012–2015 include providing the equipment for elearning at Motufoua Secondary School and setting up a multimedia unit in the department to develop and deliver content in all areas of the curriculum across all level of education.<ref name=KT>{{cite web| last= Taloka| first= Katalina| title= Guidelines from Commonwealth of Learning| publisher= Commonwealth of Learning (COL)| year= 2011| url= http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/Country-Presentations2011/CP_TUVALU_2011.pdf| access-date= 20 November 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130531095655/http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/Country-Presentations2011/CP_TUVALU_2011.pdf| archive-date= 31 May 2013| url-status= dead}}</ref>

Atufenua Maui and educators from Japan have worked on the implementation of an e-learning pilot system at Motufoua Secondary School that applies the Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment ([[Moodle]]).<ref name="MA">{{cite web|last=Maui|first=Atufenua|title=Motufoua e-learning|url=http://elearning.motufoua.info/Home_Page.html|access-date=20 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108000709/http://elearning.motufoua.info/Home_Page.html|archive-date=8 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The e-learning system is intended to benefit students at Motufoua Secondary School and to provide computer skills to students who will enter the tertiary level of education outside Tuvalu.<ref name="elearn">{{cite book |author1=Atufenua Maui |author2=Tony Kwato’o |author3=Ronald Vetter |author4=Yoshifumi Chisaki |author5=Tsuyoshi Usagawa |title= Preliminary Use of an E-learning Pilot System for Secondary Educational Institutions in Tuvalu: The Initial Implementation |date= June 2012 |publisher= The Initial Implementation. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, Vol. 2, No. 3 |url= http://www.ijeeee.org/Papers/119-CZ02028.pdf }}</ref>

In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified). The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti school, which has a student-teacher ratio of 1:27. Nauti School on Funafuti is the largest primary in Tuvalu with more than 900 students (45 percent of the total primary school enrolment). The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the Pacific region, which has a ratio of 1:29.<ref name="MDG">{{cite web | work= Ministry of Education and Sports, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development from the Government of Tuvalu; and the United Nations System in the Pacific Islands | title= Tuvalu: Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework – Improving Quality of Education | date= April 2013 | url= http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Framework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/MAF%20Tuvalu-FINAL-%20April%204.pdf | access-date= 13 October 2013 | archive-date= 13 February 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140213133607/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Framework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/MAF%20Tuvalu-FINAL-%20April%204.pdf | url-status= dead }}</ref>

Four tertiary institutions offer technical and vocational courses.  [[Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute]] (TMTI), [[Tuvalu Atoll Science Technology Training Institute]] (TASTII), Australian Pacific Training Coalition (APTC) and [[University of the South Pacific]] (USP) Extension Centre.<ref name="USP2020-7">{{cite web|url= https://www.usp.ac.fj/news/story.php?id=3268|title= Tuvalu Theory of Change Coalition Consultation|publisher= The University of the South Pacific|date= 6 July 2020|access-date= 10 January 2021|archive-date= 11 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210111230331/https://www.usp.ac.fj/news/story.php?id=3268|url-status= dead}}</ref> The services provided at the USP campus include career counselling, Student Learning Support, IT Support (Moodle, React, Computer Lab and Wi Fi) and library services (IRS).<ref name="USP2020-6">{{cite web |url= https://www.usp.ac.fj/news/story.php?id=3262 |title= Career Counseling Begins at USP Tuvalu Campus  |publisher=  The University of the South Pacific|date= 23 June 2020|access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Education and the national strategy plans: ''Te Kakeega III'' and ''Te Kete''===
The education strategy is described in ''Te Kakeega II'' (Tuvalu National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2005–2015)<ref name=TKII/> and ''Te Kakeega III – National Strategy for Sustainable Development-2016–2020''.<ref name="TK III">{{cite web| work= Government of Tuvalu |title= Te Kakeega III – National Strategy for Sustainable Development-2016-2020 |year =2016|url= http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/cobp-tuv-2017-2019-ld-02.pdf| access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref>

''Te Kakeega II'' has identified the following key objectives in regards the development of the education system: (i) Curriculum and Assessment Improvement, (ii) Increased student participation by ensuring access and equity for students with special needs, (iii) Improved quality and efficiency of management, (iv) Human Resource Development, (v) Strengthened community partnerships and develop a culture of working together.<ref name=TKII/>
In 2011 meetings were held to review ''Te Kakeega II'' and the Tuvalu Education Strategic Plan (TESP) II; Tuvalu Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report.<ref name="TP"/> In 2013 a report was published on improving the quality of education as part of the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework.<ref name="MDG"/>

''Te Kakeega III'' describes the education strategy as being:

{{cquote|Most TK II goals in education continue in TK III – in broad terms to continue to equip people with the knowledge and skills they need to achieve a higher degree of self-reliance in a changing world. TKII strategies targeted improvements in teaching quality/overall education standards through teacher training, better and well-maintained school facilities, more school equipment and supplies, and the introduction of a stronger, consistent and more appropriate curriculum. The expansion and improvement of technical and vocational training was another objective, as was serving the special needs of students with disabilities and preschoolers."<ref name="TK III"/>}}

In the national strategy plan for 2021–2030,<ref name="TK21-30">{{cite web| work= Government of Tuvalu |title= Te Kete - National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2021-2030 |date =2020|url= https://australiaawardsfijiandtuvalu.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Te-Kete-2021-2030-National-Development-Strategy.pdf| access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> the name ”Kakeega” was replaced by “Te Kete” which is the name of a domestic traditional basket woven from green or brown coconut leaves.<ref name="TK2020">{{cite web | last = Tausi | first = Kitiona | title = Minister Announces New Name For National Strategy For Sustainable Development | date = 30 November 2020 | publisher = Tuvalu Paradise | url = https://tuvaluparadise.tv/2020/11/30/minister-announces-new-name-for-national-strategy-for-sustainable-development/ | access-date = 15 January 2021 | archive-date = 24 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210124072109/https://tuvaluparadise.tv/2020/11/30/minister-announces-new-name-for-national-strategy-for-sustainable-development/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Symbolically, “Te Kete”  has biblical significance for [[Religion in Tuvalu|Tuvaluan Christian traditions]] by referencing to the basket or the cradle that saved the life of [[Moses]].<ref name="TK2020"/>