Editing History of Sweden (section)

=== Union with Norway: 1814 ===
{{main|Sweden in Union with Norway}}
[[File:CarlXIVJohnSweden.jpg|thumbnail|200px|The Swedish Crown Prince [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John (Bernadotte)]], who staunchly opposed Norwegian independence, only to offer generous terms of union.]]
[[File:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1815).svg|thumb|left|Map of Sweden-Norway]]
In 1810, French Marshal [[Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], one of Napoleon's top generals, was elected as [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]] (1818–44) by the Riksdag. He had a Jacobin background and was well-grounded in revolutionary principles, but put Sweden in the coalition that opposed Napoleon.<ref>Alan Palmer, ''Bernadotte: Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King'' (1991)</ref> In 1813, his forces joined the allies against [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] and defeated the Danes at [[Battle of Bornhöved (1813)|Bornhöved]]. In the [[Treaty of Kiel]], Denmark ceded mainland Norway to the Swedish king. Norway, however, [[Norway in 1814|declared its independence]], adopted a constitution and chose a new king. Sweden invaded Norway to enforce the terms of the Kiel treaty in the last war Sweden has fought. After [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)|brief fighting]], the peace established a personal union between the two states. Even though they shared the same king, Norway was largely independent of Sweden, except Sweden controlled foreign affairs. The king's rule was not well received and when Sweden refused to allow Norway to have its own diplomats, Norway rejected the King of Sweden in 1905 and selected its own king.

During Charles XIV's reign, the first stage of the [[Industrial Revolution]] reached Sweden. This first take-off was founded on rural forges, [[textile industries|textile]] proto-industries and sawmills.

The popularity of Charles XIV decreased for a time in the 1830s, culminating in the [[Rabulist riots]] in 1838 after the [[Lèse-majesté]] conviction of the journalist [[Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe]], and some calls for his abdication.

The 19th century was marked by the emergence of a liberal opposition press, the abolition of guild monopolies in trade and manufacturing in favor of free enterprise, the introduction of taxation and voting reforms, the installation of a national military service, and the rise in the electorate of three major party groups: the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party, and the Conservative Party.