Editing Herod the Great (section)

=== 19–4 BCE ===
[[File:Herod IMG 0594.JPG|thumb|[[Tomb of Herod]]]]
* {{circa|18 BCE|lk=no}} – Herod traveled to Rome for the second time.
* 14 BCE – Herod supports the Jews in [[Anatolia]] and [[Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene]]. Owing to prosperity in Judea, he waives a quarter of  taxes due.
* 13 BCE – Herod makes his first-born son Antipater, by Doris, first heir in his will.
* 12 BCE – Herod suspects his sons Alexander and Aristobulus, from his marriage to Mariamne, of threatening his life. He takes them to [[Aquileia]] to be put on trial. Augustus ultimately reconciles the three. Herod supports the financially strapped [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]] and ensures their future. He amends his will so that Alexander and Aristobulus rise in the succession plans, but Antipater remains the primary heir.
* {{circa|10 BCE|lk=no}} – The newly expanded temple in Jerusalem is inaugurated. War breaks out against the Nabateans.
* 9 BCE – [[Caesarea Maritima]] is inaugurated. Owing to the course of the Nabatean war, Herod falls out of favor with Augustus. He again suspects Alexander of plotting to kill him.
* 8 BCE – Herod accuses his sons Alexander and Aristobulus of high treason. He reconciles with Augustus, who also gives him permission to prosecute his sons.
* 7 BCE – Court hearings take place in [[Beirut]] in front of a Roman court. Alexander and Aristobulus are found guilty and executed. The succession is amended such that that Antipater becomes the exclusive successor to the throne. Herod Philip, his son by Mariamne&nbsp;II, is now second in the line of succession.{{clarification needed|date=November 2023}}
* 6 BCE – Herod takes action against the [[Pharisee]]s.
* 5 BCE – Antipater is brought before a court, charged with plotting to murder Herod. Now seriously ill, Herod names his son Herod Antipas from his fourth marriage with [[Malthace]] as successor.
* 4 BCE – Young disciples of the Pharisees smash the golden eagle over the main entrance of the Temple after their teachers label it as an idolatrous symbol. Herod arrests them, brings them to court, and sentences them. Augustus approves the death penalty for Antipater. Herod executes his son, and changes his will again: now [[Herod Archelaus]], from the marriage with Malthace, would rule as ethnarch over the tetrachy of Judea, while Herod Antipas by Malthace and Philip from Herod's fifth marriage with Cleopatra of Jerusalem would rule as tetrarchs over Galilee and [[Perea]], as well as over Gaulanitis, [[Trachonitis]], Batanaea, and [[Panias]]. [[Salome I]] was also given a small [[toparchy]] in the Gaza region. As Augustus did not confirm this revision, no one receives the title of King. However, the three sons were ultimately granted rule of the stated territories.