Editing Hemorrhoid (section)

===Procedures===
A number of office-based procedures may be performed. While generally safe, rare serious side effects such as [[sepsis|perianal sepsis]] may occur.<ref name=NG2011 />

# '''[[Rubber band ligation]]''' is typically recommended as the first-line treatment in those with '''grade I to III disease'''.<ref name="NG2011" /> It is a procedure in which elastic bands are applied onto internal hemorrhoid at least 1&nbsp;cm above the pectinate line to cut off its blood supply.<!-- <ref name=Review09 /> --> Within 5–7 days, the withered hemorrhoid falls off.<!-- <ref name=Review09 /> --> If the band is placed too close to the pectinate line, intense pain results immediately afterwards.<ref name="Review09" /> The cure rate has been found to be about 87%,<ref name="Review09" /> with a complication rate of up to 3%.<ref name="NG2011" />
# '''[[Sclerotherapy]]''' involves the injection of a [[sclerosing]] agent, such as [[phenol]], into the hemorrhoid. This causes the vein walls to collapse and the hemorrhoids to shrivel up. The success rate four years after treatment is about 70%.<ref name="Review09" />
# A number of '''[[cauterization]]''' methods have been shown to be effective for hemorrhoids, but are usually used only when other methods fail. This procedure can be done using [[electrocautery]], [[infrared radiation]], [[laser surgery]],<ref name="Review09" /> or [[cryosurgery]].<ref>{{cite journal |last = Misra |first = MC |author2 = Imlitemsu |title = Drug treatment of haemorrhoids |journal = Drugs |year = 2005 |volume = 65 |issue = 11 |pages = 1481–91 |pmid = 16134260 |doi = 10.2165/00003495-200565110-00003 |s2cid = 33128093 }}</ref> Infrared cauterization may be an option for '''grade I or II disease'''.<ref name="NG2011" /> In those with '''grade III or IV disease''', reoccurrence rates are high.<ref name="NG2011" />
[[Hemorrhoidal artery embolization|Hemorrhoidal artery embolization (HAE)]] is an additional minimally invasive procedure performed by an [[Interventional radiology|interventional radiologist]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization (HAE) |url=https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/radiology/interventional-radiology/HAE |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=www.uclahealth.org |language=en}}</ref> HAE involves the blockage of abnormal blood flow to the rectal (hemorrhoidal) arteries using microcoils and/or [[microparticle]]s to decrease the size of the hemorrhoids and improve hemorrhoid related symptoms, especially bleeding.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Whje31Jlm10 |title=Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Internal Hemorrhoids |date=2024-06-24 |last=UCLA Health |access-date=2024-07-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> HAE is very effective at stopping bleeding related symptom with success rate of approximately 90%.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Makris |first1=Gregory C. |last2=Thulasidasan |first2=Narayan |last3=Malietzis |first3=George |last4=Kontovounisios |first4=Christos |last5=Saibudeen |first5=Affan |last6=Uberoi |first6=Raman |last7=Diamantopoulos |first7=Athanasios |last8=Sapoval |first8=Marc |last9=Vidal |first9=Vincent |date=January 2021 |title=Catheter-Directed Hemorrhoidal Dearterialization Technique for the Management of Hemorrhoids: A Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Evidence |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.548 |journal=Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology |volume=32 |issue=8 |pages=1119–1127 |doi=10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.548 |pmid=33971251 |issn=1051-0443}}</ref>