Editing Haakon VII (section)

===Government in exile===
[[File:Ole Friele Backer kongen kronprinsen.jpg|thumb|King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav, and [[Hans Reidar Holtermann]] in [[Scotland]] during World War II.]]
{{main|Nygaardsvold's Cabinet}}
Initially, King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav were guests at [[Buckingham Palace]], but at the start of the [[London Blitz]] in September 1940, they moved to [[Bowdown House]] in Berkshire. The construction of the adjacent [[RAF Greenham Common]] airfield in March 1942 prompted another move to [[Foliejon Park]] in [[Winkfield]], near [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], in [[Berkshire]], where they remained until the liberation of Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/blue_plaque_for_king_haakon_vii_of_norway/13589.html|title=British Government News & Press Releases – 25 October 2005: Blue Plaque for King Haakon VII of Norway|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001442/http://gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/blue_plaque_for_king_haakon_vii_of_norway/13589.html|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Haakon also spent time at [[Carbisdale Castle]] in [[Sutherland]], Scotland, made available for his use by [[Theodore Salvesen]], a ship-owner of Norwegian extraction.

The King's official residence was the Norwegian [[Legation]] at 10 [[Kensington Palace Gardens|Palace Green]], [[Kensington]], which became the seat of the Norwegian government in exile. Here Haakon attended weekly Cabinet meetings and worked on the speeches which were regularly broadcast by radio to Norway by the [[BBC World Service]]. These broadcasts helped to cement Haakon's position as an important national symbol to the [[Norwegian resistance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.norway.org.uk/ARKIV/Other/history/royalvisit/news2710/blueplaque/|title=Norway: the official site in the UK – News 27 October 2012 – Princess Astrid unveils blue plaque|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227212509/http://www.norway.org.uk/ARKIV/Other/history/royalvisit/news2710/blueplaque/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many broadcasts were made from [[Nordic churches in London#Norwegian Church|Saint Olav's Norwegian Church]] in [[Rotherhithe]], where the royal family were regular worshippers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928095639/http://southwark.anglican.org/thebridge/0912/0912p8.pdf The Diocese of Southwark, ''The Bridge'', December 2009 – January 2010: Scandinavia in Rotherhithe]</ref>

Meanwhile, Hitler had appointed [[Josef Terboven]] as ''{{lang|de|[[Reichskommissar]]}}'' for Norway. On Hitler's orders, Terboven attempted to coerce the [[Storting]] to depose the King; the Storting declined, citing constitutional principles.  A subsequent ultimatum was made by the Germans, threatening to intern all Norwegians of military age in German concentration camps.<ref>William Lawrence Shirer: ''The challenge of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland in our time'', Robert Hale, 1956{{page needed|date=May 2017}}</ref> With this threat looming, the Storting's representatives in Oslo wrote to their monarch on 27 June, asking him to abdicate. The King declined, politely replying that the Storting was acting under duress. The King gave his answer on 3 July, and proclaimed it on BBC radio on 8 July.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–45]]|title=Norge i krigen 1939–45. Kronologisk oversikt|editor=Dahl|editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl|editor2=Hjeltnes|editor2-link=Guri Hjeltnes|editor3=Nøkleby|editor3-link=Berit Nøkleby|editor4=Ringdal|editor4-link=Nils Johan Ringdal|editor5=Sørensen|editor5-link=Øystein Sørensen|url=http://www.nb.no/utlevering/nb/d2e8afecb1aba47bf48bb3cd246dd070#&struct=DIV12|year=1995|publisher=Cappelen|location=Oslo|isbn=8202141389|page=11|language=no|access-date=16 March 2011|archive-date=25 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094712/https://www.nb.no/items/d2e8afecb1aba47bf48bb3cd246dd070#&struct=DIV12|url-status=live}}</ref>

After one further German attempt in September to force the Storting to depose Haakon failed, Terboven finally decreed that the royal family had "forfeited their right to return" and dissolved the democratic political parties.<ref>{{cite web|title=Krigsårene 1940–1945|url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c26974/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29435|date=31 January 2009|work=Royal House of Norway|access-date=17 September 2009|language=no|archive-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131181558/http://www.kongehuset.no/c26974/artikkel/vis.html?tid=29435|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Votter med Håkon 7..jpg|thumb|The King's monogram became a symbol of [[Norwegian resistance movement|resistance]] during the Second World War]]
During Norway's five years under German control, many Norwegians surreptitiously wore clothing or jewellery made from coins bearing Haakon's [[H7 (monogram)|"H7" monogram]] as symbols of resistance to the [[German occupation of Norway|German occupation]] and of solidarity with their exiled King and Government, just as many people in Denmark wore [[Christian X of Denmark|his brother]]'s monogram on a pin. The King's monogram was also painted and otherwise reproduced on various surfaces as a show of resistance to the occupation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111019185503/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891354,00.html H7], ''Time'', Monday, 30 September 1957</ref>

[[File:HMS Norfolk King Hakkon.jpg|thumb|300px|The royal family of Norway waving to the welcoming crowds from {{HMS|Norfolk|78|6}} at [[Oslo]], June 1945.]]
Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the [[German Instrument of Surrender|capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945]]. After the end of the war, Crown Prince Olav and five government ministers returned to a liberated Norway on 13 May 1945.<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olav-V#ref59809|title=Olav V king of Norway|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414000521/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olav-V#ref59809|url-status=live}}</ref> Haakon and the rest of the Norwegian royal family returned to Norway aboard the cruiser {{HMS|Norfolk|78|6}}, arriving with the First Cruiser Squadron to cheering crowds in Oslo on [[7 June in Norway|7 June 1945]],<ref>{{cite magazine|title=First Out, First In|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775835,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221232226/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775835,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 December 2011|magazine=Time|date=11 June 1945|access-date=17 January 2009}}</ref> exactly five years after they had been evacuated from [[Tromsø (city)|Tromsø]].<ref>[http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28689&sek=27316 The Norwegian Royal House's official page about the escape, the five years in exile and the return after World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519160218/http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28689&sek=27316 |date=19 May 2015 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>