Editing Green party (section)

===Europe===

====Belgian and German roots====
The first green parties in Europe were founded in the late 1970s, following the rise of [[environmental awareness]] and the development of [[new social movement]]s. Green parties in Belgium first made a breakthrough. Belgium had Green members of parliament elected first in the 1970s, and with seats on the local council, held the balance of power in the city of Liege, so were the first to go into coalition with the ruling party on that council. In 1979 political campaigns and dissident groups feeling underrepresented in west German politics formed a coalition to contest the 1979 elections to the European Parliament.

Although they did not win any seats, the groups in this association formally agreed to become a party and won a breakthrough in the German national elections of 1983. They were not the first Green Party in Europe to have members elected nationally but the impression was created that they had been, because they attracted the most media attention. This was partly due to their charismatic leader [[Petra Kelly]], a German who was of interest to the American media because she had an American step-father. Since its foundation in 1980 and merger with [[Alliance 90]] after the German reunification, Kelly's party, now named [[Alliance '90/The Greens]], has become one of Europe's most important Green parties. It played an important role in the formation of national-level Green parties in other countries [[Confederation of The Greens|such as Spain]] as well. The forerunner of the Green Party in the [[United Kingdom]] was the [[PEOPLE Party]], formed in [[Coventry]] in 1972. It changed its name to the Ecology Party in 1973 and the Green Party in 1985.

====1984–1989: A new political force====
In 1984 Greens agreed a common platform for the European Parliament Elections and the first Green Members of the European Parliament were elected here. Germany, a stronghold of the Green movement, elected seven MEPs; two more came from Belgium and two from the Netherlands. As those eleven MEPs did not entitle the Greens to form a parliamentary group on their own, they concluded an alliance with MEPs from Italy, Denmark, and regionalists from Flanders and Ireland to form the GRAEL (Green Alternative European Link) group, also known as the [[Rainbow Group (1984–89)|Rainbow Group]]. Politically they engaged in the fight against environmental pollution, nuclear energy (1986 saw the Chernobyl disaster), the promotion of animal protection and the campaign against the demolition of Brussels by speculation fuelled by the presence of the European institutions.

====Since the 1990s ====
[[File:Flickr - Saeima - 9.Saeimas deputāts Indulis Emsis.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.70|[[Indulis Emsis]] of the [[Latvian Green Party]] became [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] in 2004, and the world's first green [[head of government]].]]
After years of co-operation between the national Green parties, they formed a pan-European alliance that unites most European Green parties. The Greens are a party within the European parliament with 46 seats, as of June 2009. It has a long-standing alliance with the [[European Free Alliance]] (EFA), an alliance of "stateless nations", such as the Welsh nationalist [[Plaid Cymru]] and [[Scottish National Party]]. Together European Green Party/EFA have 58 seats and they are the fourth largest party in the European Parliament.

While on many issues European Greens practice the same policies, one issue divides European Green parties: the European Union. Some Green parties, like the Dutch [[GreenLeft]], [[Green Party of England and Wales|the Green Party of England and Wales]], the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Swiss Green Party]], the [[Green Party (Ireland)|Irish Green Party]] and the German [[Alliance '90/The Greens]], are [[pro-European]] while some, like the Green party in [[Green Party (Sweden)|Sweden]], are moderately [[eurosceptic]].

Some Green parties have been part of governing coalitions. The first one was the Finnish [[Green League]] that entered government in 1995. The Italian [[Federation of the Greens]], the [[The Greens (France)|French Greens]], the German Alliance '90/The Greens and both Belgian Green parties, the French-speaking [[Ecolo]] and the Dutch-speaking [[Agalev]] were part of government during the late 1990s. Most successful was the [[Latvian Green Party]], who supplied the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] in 2004. The Swedish [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] was a long-term supporter of the social-democratic minority government until the election 2006 when the social-democratic party lost. The Irish [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] is currently [[Government of the 33rd Dáil|in government]], having entered a coalition with [[Fianna Fáil]] and [[Fine Gael]] in June 2020, with three cabinet positions. It was previously in a [[Government of the 30th Dáil|coalition government]] with Fianna Fáil from [[2007 Irish general election|2007]] until January 2011 when the party withdrew their support for the ruling coalition.

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 | image1 = Flickr - Saeima - 10.Saeimas deputāts Raimonds Vējonis.jpg
 | width1 = 2000 | height1 = 3008
 | alt1 = Raimonds Vējonis
 | caption1 = [[Raimonds Vējonis]], [[President of Latvia]]

 | image2 = Alexander Van der Bellen1.jpg
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 | alt2 = Alexander Van der Bellen
 | caption2 = [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], [[President of Austria]]

 | footer = Vējonis (elected 2015) and Van der Bellen (elected 2016) are Europe's first two green [[heads of state]].
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In Scandinavia, left-wing socialist parties have formed the [[Nordic Green Left Alliance]]. These parties have the same ideals as European Greens. However, they do not cooperate with the [[Global Greens]] or European Greens, but instead form a combined parliamentary group with the [[Party of the European Left]], which unites communists and post-communists. There is one exception, in 2004 the MEP for Danish [[Socialist People's Party (Denmark)|Socialist People's Party]] has left the Nordic Green Left parliamentary group and has joined the Green parliamentary group in the European parliament. The Socialist People's Party is currently an observer at the [[European Green Party]] and the Global Greens. Outside of Scandinavia, in 2004, [[Latvia]] became the first country in the world to have a Green politician become Head of Government, but in 2006 the Green Party received only 16.71 percent of the vote. In the [[Estonia]] [[2007 Estonian parliamentary election|2007 parliamentary elections]], the [[Estonian Greens]] won 7.1 percent of the vote, and a mandate for six seats in the country's parliament, the [[Riigikogu]]. Other significant electoral results for European green parties include Germany's [[Alliance '90/The Greens]] in the [[2002 German federal election|2002 federal election]] and France's [[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] in the [[2012 French legislative election|2012 legislative election]], in which they both won more seats than any other [[Third party (politics)|third party]].
[[File:Caroline Lucas 2010.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|British MP [[Caroline Lucas]] was the UK's first green politician elected under the [[first-past-the-post]] system.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/7693262/General-Election-2010-first-Green-MP-hails-victory-for-the-politics-of-hope.html|title=General Election 2010: first Green MP edges out Labour|date=7 May 2010|access-date=6 December 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|last=Gray|first=Louise}}</ref>]] 
In some countries Greens have found it difficult to win any representation in the national parliament. Three reasons can be found for this. It includes countries with a first past the post electoral system, such as the United Kingdom. However, despite the [[first past the post]] system in the United Kingdom, the [[Green Party of England and Wales]] won their first seat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] when [[Caroline Lucas]] won the seat of [[Brighton Pavilion (UK Parliament constituency)|Brighton Pavilion]] in 2010. In July 2024, after a targeted campaign, 4 Green MPs were elected in Bristol Central, Waveney Valley, North Herefordshire and Brighton Pavilion. The [[Scottish Greens]] have had success in the devolved [[Scottish Parliament]] having recently signed a deal to enter a governing coalition, whilst the [[Green Party Northern Ireland]] has had success in the devolved [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] and [[local elections]] where the first-past-the-post system is not used. In countries where a party with similar ideals is stronger, such as [[Green Party (Norway)|Norway]] and Denmark, Green parties tend to perform worse. In some [[Eastern European]] countries, like [[Ecologist Party of Romania|Romania]], Green parties are still in the process of formation and have therefore not gained enough support. In [[The Greens (Poland)|Poland]] the Green Party, registered in 2004, won their first three seats in the Sejm in 2019. The [[Green Party of Bulgaria]] was founded in Sofia in 1989 by [[Aleksandar Karakachanov]]. Green Movement (ZD) was a member of an anti-corruption coalition - [[Democratic Bulgaria|Democratic Bulgaria (DB)]]. [[Ecoglasnost]] is a member of the [[BSP for Bulgaria]] coalition. For the elections in 2022, the Party of the Greens (Партия на зелените, ПнЗ, PnZ) joined<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cik |first=Central Electoral Commission |title=РЕШЕНИЕ № 1309-НС София, 17 август 2022 г. |url=https://www.cik.bg/bg/decisions/1309/2022-08-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302101023/https://www.cik.bg/bg/decisions/1309/2022-08-17 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |website=cik.bg}}</ref> the [[Bulgarian Rise]] coalition.

The [[European Green Party]] has worked to support weak Green parties in European countries. Until recently, they were giving support to Green parties in the Mediterranean countries. These Green parties are now making electoral gains, e.g. in Spain, [[Ecologists Greens|Greece]] and [[Ecological and Environmental Movement|Republic of Cyprus]], or getting organized to do so, e.g. in [[Democratic Alternative (Malta)|Malta]]. Therefore, the EGP is now turning its attention to Eastern Europe – all these countries have Green parties, but in materially poor Eastern Europe the success of Green Parties is patchy except for Hungary, where the local Green party, [[Politics Can Be Different]] (LMP), has been elected to parliament and many city councils.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greenparty.org.uk/international/international/81/gewd.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030110112650/http://www.greenparty.org.uk/international/international/81/gewd.htm|url-status=dead|title=Text about the Green East-West Dialogue|archive-date=January 10, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europeangreens.org/peopleandparties/networks/gewd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030113181805/http://europeangreens.org/peopleandparties/networks/gewd.html|url-status=dead|title=The Green East-West Dialogue|archive-date=January 13, 2003}}</ref>

In [[2021 Croatian local elections]] [[We can! (Croatia)|We can!]] party became the largest political party in the [[Zagreb Assembly]], winning 23 seats in total. Their mayoral candidate [[Tomislav Tomašević]] won a landslide victory on 31 May.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-30|title=Leftist-green candidate elected mayor of Croatia's capital|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/leftistgreen-candidate-elected-mayor-of-croatias-capital-croatia-zagreb-european-union-europe-adriatic-sea-b1856755.html|access-date=2021-12-15|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>

====Germany====

As mentioned above, the German green party holds strong influence in terms of green politics in Europe. The German green party: Alliance 90/The Greens ([[Alliance 90/The Greens|Bündnis 90/Die Grünen]]) was founded in 1993 after the West German green party (Die Grünen, formed in 1980) and the East German green party (Bündnis 90, formed in 1990) joined after the [[German reunification|reunification of Germany]].

in 1998, Alliance 90/The Greens joined a coalition government with the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], forming a [[Red–green alliance|Red-Green alliance]] that would last until 2005. In order to agree to the coalition, Alliance 90/The Greens had 3 priorities: to reduce unemployment, close nuclear-power stations/Germany to not rely on nuclear power, and for citizenship laws to be reformed.<ref name=":0" /> The coalition remained in place following the 2002 election. However, green policies were no longer considered to be a focal point so much, with unemployment growing and other economic issues being more pressing, leading to the rise of the CDU/CSU, and the eventual loss of a majority in parliament.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carter |first=N. |title=The Politics of the Environment: Ideas, Activism, Policy |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2018 |edition=3rd |location=Cambridge |pages=122 |language=English}}</ref>

====Turkey====
Greens and the Left Party of the Future is a left-libertarian and green party in Turkey. It was founded on 25 November 2012 as a merger of the Greens Party and the Equality and Democracy Party.

Prominent members include Murat Belge, left-liberal political author and columnist for ''Taraf''; Kutluğ Ataman, filmmaker and contemporary artist; and Ufuk Uras, former Istanbul deputy and president of the Freedom and Solidarity Party.

The party is one of the participants in the Peoples' Democratic Congress, a political initiative instrumental in founding the Peoples' Democratic Party in 2012.

The Greens, along with feminists, left YSGP en masse in 2016, citing its lack of democratic decision making practices. They and a new generation of activists reestablished the [[Green Party (Turkey)|Green Party]] (Yeşiller) in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yesiller.org.tr/2020/09/21/greens-in-turkey-launch-green-party/|title=Greens in Turkey Launch Green Party!|first=Yeşiller|last=Partisi|date=September 21, 2020}}</ref>