Editing Grammatical case (section)

=== German ===
In [[German language|German]], grammatical case is largely preserved in the articles and adjectives, but nouns have lost many of their original endings. Below is an example of case inflection in German using the masculine [[wikt:der#German|definite article]] and one of the German words for "sailor".

* {{lang|de|d'''er''' Seemann}} ([[nominative case|nominative]]) "the sailor" [as a subject] (e.g. ''Der Seemann steht da'' – the sailor is standing there)
* {{lang|de|d'''es''' Seemann'''(e)s'''}} ([[genitive case|genitive]]) "the sailor's / [of] the sailor" (e.g. {{lang|de|Der Name des Seemannes ist Otto}} – the name of the sailor is Otto)
* {{lang|de|d'''em''' Seemann'''(e)'''}} ([[dative case|dative]]) "[to/for] the sailor" [as an indirect object] (e.g. {{lang|de|Ich gab dem Seemann ein Geschenk}} – I gave a present to the sailor)
* {{lang|de|d'''en''' Seemann}} ([[accusative case|accusative]]) "the sailor" [as a direct object] (e.g. {{lang|de|Ich sah den Seemann}} – I saw the sailor)

An example with the feminine [[definite article]] with the German word for "woman".

* ''d'''ie''' Frau'' ([[Nominative case|nominative]]) "the woman" [as a subject] (e.g. ''Die Frau isst'' - the woman is eating)
* ''d'''er''' Frau'' ([[Genitive case|genitive]]) "the woman's / [of] the woman" (e.g. ''Die Katze der Frau ist weiß'' - the cat of the woman is white)
* ''d'''er''' Frau'' ([[Dative case|dative]]) "[to/for] the woman" [as an indirect object] (e.g. ''Ich gab der Frau ein Geschenk'' - I gave a present to the woman)
* ''d'''ie''' Frau'' ([[Accusative case|accusative]]) "the woman" [as a direct object] (e.g. ''Ich sah die Frau'' - I saw the woman)

An example with the neuter [[definite article]] with the German word for "book".

* ''d'''as''' Buch ([[Nominative case|nominative]])'' "the book" [as a subject] (e.g. ''Das Buch ist gut -'' the book is good)
* ''d'''es''' Buch'''(e)s''''' ([[Genitive case|genitive]]) "the book's/ [of] the book" (e.g. ''Die Seiten des Buchs sind grün'' - the pages of the book are green)
* ''d'''em''' Buch'''(e)''''' ([[Dative case|dative]]) "[to/for] the book" [as an indirect object] (e.g. ''Ich gab dem Buch einen Titel'' - I gave the book a title)
* ''d'''as''' Buch'' ([[Accusative case|accusative]]) "the book" [as a direct object] (e.g. ''Ich sah das Buch'' - I saw the book)

Proper names for cities have two [[Genitive case|genitive]] nouns:

* ''der Hauptbahnhof Berlin'''s''''' (primary [[Genitive case|genitive]]) "the main train station of Berlin"
* ''der Berlin'''er''' Hauptbahnhof'' (secondary [[Genitive case|genitive]]) "Berlin's main train station"