Editing German diaspora (section)

====Italy====
[[File:Austria hungary 1911.jpg|thumb|287px|right|Map of [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1911, showing areas inhabited by ethnic Germans in pink]]

There are smaller, unique populations of Germans who arrived so long ago that their dialect retains many archaic features heard nowhere else: the [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrians]] are concentrated in various communities in the [[Carnic Alps]], north of [[Verona]], and especially in the [[Sugana Valley]] on the high plateau northwest of [[Vicenza]] in the [[Veneto]] region; the [[Walser]]s, who originated in the Swiss [[Valais|Wallis]], live in the provinces of [[Aostatal]], [[Vercelli]], and [[Verbano-Cusio-Ossola]]; the [[Mòcheno language|Mòchenos]] live in the [[Valle dei Mòcheni|Fersina Valley]]. Smaller German-speaking communities also exist in the [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] region: the [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthians]] in the [[Canale Valley]] (municipalities of [[Tarvisio]], [[Malborghetto Valbruna]] and [[Pontebba]]) and the [[Sauris|Zahren]] and [[Timavo|Timau]] Germans in [[Carnia]].

Contrarily to the before-mentioned minorities, the German-speaking population of the province of [[South Tyrol]] cannot be categorized as "ethnic German" according to the definition of this article, but as Austrian minority. However, as Austrians saw themselves as ethnic Germans until the end of World War II they can technically also be called Germans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/590170/index.do?from=rss |title=Südtirol: Neue Initiative für Doppel-Staatsbürgerschaft|date=26 August 2010 |publisher=Diepresse.com |access-date=2012-08-25}}</ref> The province was part of the Austrian County of Tyrol before the 1919 dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.<ref>{{cite book|author= Georg Grote, Hannes Obermair|title=A Land on the Threshold. South Tyrolean Transformations, 1915–2015|year=2017|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|location=Oxford, Bern, New York|isbn=978-3-0343-2240-9}}</ref> South Tyroleans were part of the over 3 million German speaking Austrians who in 1918 found themselves living outside of the newborn Austrian Republic as minorities in the newly formed or enlarged respective states of Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary and Italy. Their dialect is Austro-Bavarian German. Both standard German and dialect are used in schooling and media. German enjoys co-official status with the national language of Italian throughout this region.

Germans have been present in the Iglesiente mining region in the south west of [[Sardinia]] since the 13th century.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVtE1FnphtYC&q=tedeschi&pg=PA200|title = Sardegna|isbn = 9788836500239|last1 = Italiano|first1 = Touring Club|year = 1984| publisher=Touring Editore }}</ref> Successively since 1850 groups of specialised workers from [[Styria]], Austria, followed by German miners from [[Freiburg]] settled in the same area. Some Germans influenced building and toponym is still visible in this area.<ref>Stefano Musso, op. cit., p. 314</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sardegnaminiere.it/il_progresso_sociale.htm|title=www.sardegnaminiere.it|first=martino|last=atzori|website=www.sardegnaminiere.it|access-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404005016/http://www.sardegnaminiere.it/il_progresso_sociale.htm|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>