Editing Garnet (section)

===Ugrandite group – calcium in ''X'' site===
*[[Andradite]]: Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>
*[[Grossular]]: Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>
*[[Uvarovite]]: Ca<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>

====Andradite====
Andradite is a calcium-iron garnet, Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, is of variable composition and may be red, yellow, brown, green or black.<ref name="Klein-1993"/> The recognized varieties are [[demantoid]] (green), [[melanite]] (black),<ref name="Klein-1993"/> and topazolite (yellow or green). The red-brown translucent variety of [[colophonite]] is recognized as a partially obsolete name.<ref name="mindat">[https://www.mindat.org/min-10078.html Colophonite] (a variety of Andradite): information about the mineral ''colophonite'' in the Mindat database.</ref> Andradite is found in [[skarn]]s<ref name="Klein-1993"/> and in deep-seated [[igneous rock]]s like [[syenite]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Saha |first1=Abhishek |last2=Ray |first2=Jyotisankar |last3=Ganguly |first3=Sohini |last4=Chatterjee |first4=Nilanjan |title=Occurrence of melanite garnet in syenite and ijolite–melteigite rocks of Samchampi–Samteran alkaline complex, Mikir Hills, Northeastern India |journal=Current Science |date=10 July 2011 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=95–100 |jstor=24077869}}</ref> as well as serpentines<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Plümper |first1=Oliver |last2=Beinlich |first2=Andreas |last3=Bach |first3=Wolfgang |last4=Janots |first4=Emilie |last5=Austrheim |first5=Håkon |title=Garnets within geode-like serpentinite veins: Implications for element transport, hydrogen production and life-supporting environment formation |journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |date=September 2014 |volume=141 |pages=454–471 |doi=10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.002|bibcode=2014GeCoA.141..454P }}</ref> and [[greenschist]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coombs |first1=D. S. |last2=Kawachi |first2=Y. |last3=Houghton |first3=B. F. |last4=Hyden |first4=G. |last5=Pringle |first5=I. J. |last6=Williams |first6=J. G. |title=Andradite and andradite-grossular solid solutions in very low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks in Southern New Zealand |journal=Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology |date=August 1977 |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=229–246 |doi=10.1007/BF00375574|bibcode=1977CoMP...63..229C |s2cid=129908263 }}</ref> Demantoid is one of the most prized of garnet varieties.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Phillips |first1=Wm. Revell |last2=Talantsev |first2=Anatoly S. |title=Russian demantoid, czar of the garnet family |journal=Gems & Gemology |date=Summer 1996 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=100–111 |doi=10.5741/GEMS.32.2.100 |url=https://www.gia.edu/doc/Russian-Demantoid-Czar-of-the-Garnet-Family.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.gia.edu/doc/Russian-Demantoid-Czar-of-the-Garnet-Family.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref>

====Grossular====
[[File:Grossular garnet from Quebec, collected by Dr John Hunter in the 18th century, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow.jpg|thumb|Grossular garnet from Quebec, collected by Dr John Hunter in the 18th century, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow]]
[[File:GrossularShades.jpg|thumb|right|Grossular garnets on display at the U.S. [[National Museum of Natural History]]. The green gem at right is a type of grossular known as [[tsavorite]].]]

Grossular is a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, though the calcium may in part be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from the [[botany|botanical]] name for the [[gooseberry]], ''grossularia'', in reference to the green garnet of this composition that is found in [[Siberia]]. Other shades include cinnamon brown (cinnamon stone variety), red, and yellow.<ref name="Klein-1993"/> Because of its inferior hardness to [[zircon]], which the yellow crystals resemble, they have also been called ''hessonite'' from the [[Greek language|Greek]] meaning inferior.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Modreski |first1=Peter J. |title=Featured Mineral Group at the 1993 Tucson Show: Garnet |journal=Rocks & Minerals |date=1 February 1993 |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=20–33 |doi=10.1080/00357529.1993.9926521|bibcode=1993RoMin..68...20M }}</ref> Grossular is found in skarns,<ref name="Klein-1993"/> contact metamorphosed [[limestone]]s with [[vesuvianite]], [[diopside]], [[wollastonite]] and [[wernerite]].

Grossular garnet from [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] has been called tsavorite. Tsavorite was first described in the 1960s in the [[:Category:Tsavo National Park|Tsavo]] area of Kenya, from which the gem takes its name.<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-7836.html Mindat.org - Tsavorite]</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feneyrol |first1=J. |last2=Giuliani |first2=G. |last3=Ohnenstetter |first3=D. |last4=Fallick |first4=A.E. |last5=Martelat |first5=J.E. |last6=Monié |first6=P. |last7=Dubessy |first7=J. |last8=Rollion-Bard |first8=C. |last9=Le Goff |first9=E. |last10=Malisa |first10=E. |last11=Rakotondrazafy |first11=A.F.M. |last12=Pardieu |first12=V. |last13=Kahn |first13=T. |last14=Ichang'i |first14=D. |last15=Venance |first15=E. |last16=Voarintsoa |first16=N.R. |last17=Ranatsenho |first17=M.M. |last18=Simonet |first18=C. |last19=Omito |first19=E. |last20=Nyamai |first20=C. |last21=Saul |first21=M. |title=New aspects and perspectives on tsavorite deposits |journal=Ore Geology Reviews |date=September 2013 |volume=53 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.016|bibcode=2013OGRv...53....1F }}</ref>

====Uvarovite====
Uvarovite is a calcium chromium garnet with the formula Ca<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. This is a rather rare garnet, bright green in color, usually found as small crystals associated with [[chromite]] in [[peridotite]], [[serpentinite]], and kimberlites. It is found in crystalline [[marble]]s and schists in the [[Ural Mountains]] of Russia and [[Outokumpu, Finland]]. Uvarovite is named for [[Sergey Uvarov|Count Uvaro]], a Russian imperial statesman.<ref name="Klein-1993" />