Editing Galileo (satellite navigation) (section)

== International involvement ==
In September 2003, China joined the Galileo project. China was to invest €230 million (US$302 million, £155 million, [[Renminbi|CNY]] 2.34 billion) in the project over the following years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2003 |title=China joins EU's satellite network |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3121682.stm |website=BBC News}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=March 2022|reason="Historically there was proposed Chinese involvement in Galileo, but they were subsequently excluded."
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1119329/india-galileo-space-sector-brexit-news-theresa-may-eu}}

In July 2004, [[Israel]] signed an agreement with the EU to become a partner in the Galileo project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2005 |title=Israel joins Galileo The Israel Entity MATIMOP, on the way to becoming a Member of the Galileo Joint Undertaking |url=http://www.eu-del.org.il/hebrew/6180%20press%20release%20Israel%2018052005.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709225405/http://www.eu-del.org.il/hebrew/6180%20press%20release%20Israel%2018052005.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2007 |access-date=14 July 2021 |website=eu-del.org.il}}</ref>

On 3 June 2005, the [[European Union]] and [[Ukraine]] signed an agreement for Ukraine to join the project, as noted in a press release.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=EU and Ukraine seal GALILEO and aviation agreement |date=3 June 2005 |publisher=European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_05_666 |access-date=29 October 2011}}</ref> As of November 2005, [[Morocco]] also joined the programme.

In September 2005, [[India]] signed an agreement with the EU to join the project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press corner |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=European Commission - European Commission |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement issued by the President of the Republic of France and the Prime Minister of India |url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6893/Joint+Statement+issued+by+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+France+and+the+Prime+Minister+of+India |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=mea.gov.in}}</ref>

In mid-2006, the [[public–private partnership]] fell apart and the European Commission decided to nationalise Galileo as an EU programme.<ref name="insidegnss.com" /> In November 2006, China opted instead to upgrade [[BeiDou]] navigation system, its then-regional satellite navigation system.<ref>{{cite news|first=Paul|last=Marks|title=China's satellite navigation plans threaten Galileo|publisher=[[NewScientist.com]]|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10472-chinas-satellite-navigation-plans-threaten-galileo.html|access-date=19 November 2006}}</ref> The decision was due to security concerns and issues with Galileo financing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Square Off With Europe in Space|last=Levin|first=Dan|newspaper=New York Times|date=23 March 2009|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9503E1DF153BF930A15750C0A96F9C8B63}}</ref>

On 30 November 2007, the 27 member states of the [[European Union]] unanimously agreed to move forward with the project, with plans for bases in Germany and Italy. Spain did not approve during the initial vote, but approved it later that day. This greatly improved the viability of the Galileo project: "The EU's executive had previously said that if agreement was not reached by January 2008, the long-troubled project would essentially be dead".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7120041.stm|work=BBC News|title='Unanimous backing' for Galileo|date=30 November 2007|access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref>

On 3 April 2009, Norway too joined the programme pledging €68.9 million toward development costs and allowing its companies to bid for the construction contracts. Norway, while not a member of the EU, is a member of [[European Space Agency|ESA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2009 |title=Norway joins EU's Galileo satnav project |url=http://www.gpsdaily.com/reports/Norway_joins_EUs_Galileo_satnav_project_999.html |access-date=29 October 2011 |website=GPS News - 24/7 Coverage Of GPS Applications and Technology}}</ref>

On 18 December 2013, [[Switzerland]] signed a cooperation agreement to fully participate in the program, and retroactively contributed €80 million for the period 2008–2013. As a member of [[European Space Agency|ESA]], it already collaborated in the development of the Galileo satellites, contributing the hydrogen-maser clocks. Switzerland's financial commitment for the period 2014–2020 will be calculated in accordance with the standard formula applied for the Swiss participation in the [[Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development|EU research Framework Programme]].<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Switzerland joins the EU's Galileo satellite navigation programme |date=18 December 2013 |publisher=European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_13_1292}}</ref>

In March 2018, the European Commission announced that the [[United Kingdom]] may be excluded from parts of the project (especially relating to the secured service (PRS) following its exit from the European Union (EU). As a result, [[Airbus]] was to relocate work on the Ground Control Segment (GCS) from its [[Portsmouth]] premises to an EU state.<ref name=BREXIT/> British officials have been reported to be seeking legal advice on whether they can reclaim the €1.4 billion invested by the United Kingdom, of the €10 billion spent to date.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/brexit-galileo-uk-government-europe-eu-gps-satellite-navigation-a8322026.html|work=Independent|title=UK might have to build a new satellite system after Brexit, government says|date=30 November 2007
|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> In a speech at the [[European Union Institute for Security Studies|EU Institute for Security Studies]] conference, the EU Chief Negotiator in charge of the [[Brexit negotiations]], [[Michel Barnier]], stressed the EU position that the UK had decided to leave the EU and thus all EU programmes, including Galileo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europa-nu.nl/id/vkocpptp51zi/nieuws/speech_by_michel_barnier_at_the_eu?ctx=viw6jn2yr3qr|title=Speech by Michel Barnier at the EU Institute for Security Studies conference|website=www.europa-nu.nl|language=nl|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, the UK stated that it would look into creating a competing satellite navigation system to Galileo post-Brexit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Galileo: Funding pledge for UK rival to EU sat-nav system|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-45314954|work=BBC News|date=26 August 2018|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, British Prime Minister [[Theresa May]] announced that the UK would no longer seek to reclaim the investment, and Science Minister [[Sam Gyimah]] resigned over the matter.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brexit: Sam Gyimah resigns over Theresa May's 'naive' deal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46407249|access-date=1 December 2018|publisher=BBC|date=1 December 2018}}</ref>