Editing Fortaleza (section)

==Culture==
{{see also|Culture of Brazil}}

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 | image1    = Entrada do Teatro.jpg
 | caption1  = Inner front of the [[Theatro José de Alencar]].

 | image4    = Ciclogravura.jpg
 | caption4  = The art with colored sand, originating in Ceará, is one of the most present items in the city's craft centers.
 
 | image5    = Centro_Dragão_do_Mar_de_Arte_e_Cultura_(4).jpg
 | caption5  = Dragão do Mar Cultural Center
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According to the Master Plan of Fortaleza, the Special Areas for the Preservation of Historic, Cultural and Archaeological Heritage are the regions of the center, [[Parangaba]], Alagadiço Novo/José de Alencar, Benfica, Porangabuçu and [[Praia de Iracema]]. Properties of conservation interest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/fortaleza/2012/11/24/noticiasjornalfortaleza,2959783/zonas-de-preservacao-do-patrimonio-ainda-nao-estao-valendo.shtml|title=Zonas de preservação do patrimônio|date=24 November 2012|publisher=O Povo|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208082148/http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/fortaleza/2012/11/24/noticiasjornalfortaleza,2959783/zonas-de-preservacao-do-patrimonio-ainda-nao-estao-valendo.shtml|archive-date=February 8, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The architectural heritage of Fortaleza in the form of [[fallen goods]]{{what?|date=October 2024}}, however, is predominantly concentrated in the center of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br/cultura/patrimonio-historico-e-cultural|title=Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural|publisher=Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208081820/http://www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br/cultura/patrimonio-historico-e-cultural|archive-date=February 8, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br/cultura/historico-dos-bens-tombados|title=Histórico dos Bens Tombados|publisher=Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083241/http://www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br/cultura/historico-dos-bens-tombados|archive-date=February 8, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Mucuripe Lighthouse is unfortunately in ruins today, Ceará and Fortaleza were part of the pioneering group of states and cities to adopt public policies to protect the living intangible heritage of their culture, through the Masters of Culture program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brasil.gov.br/cultura/2014/06/politicas-publicas-contemplam-mestres-da-cultura|title=Políticas públicas contemplam mestres da cultura|date=4 June 2014|publisher=Portal Brasil|access-date=1 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808073216/http://www.brasil.gov.br/cultura/2014/06/politicas-publicas-contemplam-mestres-da-cultura|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Museums, theatres and cultural spaces===

Among the theaters, the largest and most popular are [[Theatro José de Alencar]], São José Theater, São Luiz Cinema Theater, and Teatro RioMar and Teatro Via Sul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/zoeira/palco-para-todas-as-artes-1.840488|title=Palco para todas as artes|date=9 March 2014|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808034627/http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/zoeira/palco-para-todas-as-artes-1.840488|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ceará Museum houses numerous artifacts, including pieces of paleontology and furniture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itarget.com.br/clients/revistafale.com.br/?op=300&id_srv=2&id_tpc=0&nid_tpc=&id_grp=1&add=&lk=1&nti=104&l_nti=S&itg=S&st=&dst=3|title=Fortaleza. Cronologia da Cidade|publisher=Revista Fale!|access-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808073109/http://www.itarget.com.br/clients/revistafale.com.br/?op=300&id_srv=2&id_tpc=0&nid_tpc=&id_grp=1&add=&lk=1&nti=104&l_nti=S&itg=S&st=&dst=3|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Dragão do Mar Center of Art and Culture]] is the main cultural centre, and includes the Ceará Museum of Culture, the Museum of Contemporary Art of Ceará, theaters, a planetarium, cinemas, shops and spaces for public presentations, as well as housing the Public Library Governador Menezes Pimentel, Oporto Iracema of the Arts and the School of Arts and Crafts Thomaz Pompeu Sobrinho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.secult.ce.gov.br/index.php/equipamentos-culturais/centro-dragao-do-mar-de-arte-e-cultura|title=Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura|date=31 July 2014|publisher=Governo do Estado do Ceará|access-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709140029/http://www.secult.ce.gov.br/index.php/equipamentos-culturais/centro-dragao-do-mar-de-arte-e-cultura|archive-date=July 9, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Casa de [[José de Alencar]] is one of the Brazilian museums recognised as dealing with Brazilian literature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museus.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/museuliteratura1.pdf|title=Os museus e a memória da literatura brasileira|date=2011|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Museus|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808033844/http://www.museus.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/museuliteratura1.pdf|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It was opened in 1964 and houses art collections, a gallery, a library and the ruins of the first steam power plant in Ceará.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.iphan.gov.br/files/Intranet/Parecer_C.Fdo.Delphim_Casa_J.de_Alencar.definitivoI.pdf|title=Casa de José de Alencar|publisher=Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808034807/http://portal.iphan.gov.br/files/Intranet/Parecer_C.Fdo.Delphim_Casa_J.de_Alencar.definitivoI.pdf|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the different SERs of the city, the complexes of the CUCA Network are spread, which are facilities dedicated to art, leisure and education, especially for young people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opovo.com.br/app/fortaleza/2015/02/20/noticiafortaleza,3395563/rede-cuca-comemora-aniversario-com-programacao-especial.shtml|title=Rede Cuca comemora aniversário com programação especial|date=20 February 2015|publisher=O Povo|access-date=8 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225003313/http://www.opovo.com.br/app/fortaleza/2015/02/20/noticiafortaleza,3395563/rede-cuca-comemora-aniversario-com-programacao-especial.shtml|archive-date=February 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Freemasonry]] is represented by the Grand Masonic Lodge of Ceará and the Great State East of Ceará. There are also service clubs in the city, such as the [[Lions Club]] and Rotary International.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/cidade/clubes-inovam-para-atrair-publico-1.491137|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219044420/http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/cidade/clubes-inovam-para-atrair-publico-1.491137|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2015|title=Clubes inovam para atrair público|date=9 June 2012|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>

The Ceará handicraft has its main market and showcase in Fortaleza. In the city, there are several specific places for trade in handicraft products, such as the Ceará Craft Center (CeArt), Ceará Tourism Center (Emcetur), Crafts Fair of Beira-Mar, and on Avenida Monsenhor Tabosa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceara.gov.br/artesanato|title=Artesanato|publisher=Governo do Estado do Ceará|access-date=25 January 2015|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808034020/http://www.ceara.gov.br/artesanato|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Literature and cinema===
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| caption1 = [[Rachel de Queiroz]], the first ''immortal'' of the [[Academia Brasileira de Letras|Brazilian Academy of Letters]] and winner of the [[Camões Prize]].
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| caption2 = Ceará Palace, former seat of the Cearense Academy of Letters.
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The main literary manifestation of Fortaleza's history emerged at the end of the 19th century, in the cafes of Praça do Ferreira, known as the Spiritual Bakery, a pioneer in the dissemination of modern ideas in Brazilian literature that would only be adopted nationally in the following century, in the [[Modern Art Week]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq1405200212.htm|title=Letras sob o sol e o areal|author=Gilmar de Carvalho|publisher=Folha de S. Paulo|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222625/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq1405200212.htm|archive-date=December 15, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pem.assis.unesp.br/index.php/pem/article/viewFile/302/332|title=Presença da Padaria Espiritual na História da Imprensa e das Artes no Ceará|author=Luciana Brito|date=2012|publisher=Unesp|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425011741/http://pem.assis.unesp.br/index.php/pem/article/viewFile/302/332|archive-date=April 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The most important historical entities of high culture still present in the city are the Ceará Institute and the Ceará Academy of Letters, the first academy of letters created in Brazil, founded in 1887 and 1894 respectively. The Ceará Institute has helped launch important names in national historiography and philosophy, such as [[Farias Brito]] and Capistrano de Abreu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oestadoce.com.br/coluna/academia-cearense-de-letras-nova-aos-120-anos|title=Academia Cearense de Letras: nova aos 120 anos|work=O Estado CE |date=29 August 2014|publisher=O Estado|access-date=28 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172919/http://www.oestadoce.com.br/coluna/academia-cearense-de-letras-nova-aos-120-anos|archive-date=December 15, 2018|url-status=live |last1=(Escreve) |first1=João Soares Neto }}</ref> Among the writers who are members of the Cearense Academy of Letters and members or patrons of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, are [[Gustavo Barroso]], [[Araripe Júnior]], [[José de Alencar]], [[Heráclito Graça]], [[Franklin Tavora]], [[Clóvis Beviláqua]] and [[Rachel de Queiroz]], the first woman to Be part of the entity. The Casa de Juvenal Galeno is another historical cultural institution of Fortaleza, named after one of the greatest poets born in the city, [[Juvenal Galeno]]. The house became well known for its festivals of poetry and seminaries.<ref name="DiárioNE Poetas">{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/caderno-3/coluna/batista-de-lima-1.128/mata-ria-813200-1.346650|title=Batista de Lima|date=13 July 2010|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808033758/http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/caderno-3/coluna/batista-de-lima-1.128/mata-ria-813200-1.346650|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In cinema, the most well known name is [[Zelito Viana]], director of films like [[Villa-Lobos: A Life of Passion]] and ''Life and Death of Severina''. More recently, [[Karim Aïnouz]] has directed [[Madame Satã]], [[Suely in the Sky]] and [[Futuro Beach]], and script of [[Lower City]], [[Cinema, Aspirins and Vultures]] and [[Behind the Sun (film)|Behind the Sun]]. Another current exponent of cinema born in Fortaleza is Halder Gomes, director and screenwriter of Holliúdy Cinema. New filmmakers in the city have gained in recent years prominent exhibitions such as at the [[Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/19315-a-vez-dos-cearenses.shtml|title=A vez dos cearenses|date=11 January 2012|work=Folha de S. Paulo|access-date=8 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808040609/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrada/19315-a-vez-dos-cearenses.shtml|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The most traditional cinema event in Fortaleza is the Cine Ceará (Ibero-American Film Festival), considered one of the main festivals of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://revistadecinema.uol.com.br/2011/11/principais-festivais-de-cinema-formam-uma-frente/|title=Principais festivais de cinema formam uma frente|date=16 November 2011|publisher=Revista de Cinema|access-date=26 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808035757/http://revistadecinema.uol.com.br/2011/11/principais-festivais-de-cinema-formam-uma-frente/|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fashion===

The main fashion name in the city is the {{ill|Lino Villaventura|pt|vertical-align=sup}}, who, from Fortaleza, designed himself nationally and internationally and today is one of the main names of [[São Paulo Fashion Week]], besides being one of the founding designers of this fashion week.<ref name="lino">{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.globo.com/materia.asp?codigo=530346|title=Santo de casa faz milagre|date=19 April 2008|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=15 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119021639/http://diariodonordeste.globo.com/materia.asp?codigo=530346|archive-date=January 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are major events in the city, such as the Dragão Fashion Brasil, considered the largest fashion event in the Northeast and the third largest in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moda.ig.com.br/modanomundo/dragao-fashion-brasil-dia-1/n1237596563926.html|title=Dragão Fashion Brasil - dia 1|author=Andressa Zanandrea|publisher=IG|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808073102/http://moda.ig.com.br/modanomundo/dragao-fashion-brasil-dia-1/n1237596563926.html|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Much of the clothing that is produced in Ceará flows through Fortaleza, which in turn is recognized as one of the most important textile centers of the country, giving the garment industry great weight in the metropolitan economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribunadoceara.uol.com.br/especiais/linhas-intimas/|title=Linhas íntimas|publisher=Tribuna do Ceará|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707125223/http://tribunadoceara.uol.com.br/especiais/linhas-intimas/|archive-date=July 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brands of the city like [[Santana Textiles]] and headquarters of brands like Esplanada and Otoch have considerable regional influence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/edicoes/705/noticias/alma-de-mascate-m0048486|title=Alma de mascate|author=Jomar Morais|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Info Exame|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234102/http://exame.abril.com.br/revista-exame/edicoes/705/noticias/alma-de-mascate-m0048486|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Music===
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| caption1 = {{ill|Aviões do Forró|pt|vertical-align=sup}}, the biggest [[forró]] band in the country
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| caption2 = [[Alberto Nepomuceno]], the "father" of nationalism of the Brazilian erudite music.
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[[Forró]] is the most popular musical genre in the city. Bands originating in Fortaleza, such as Desejo de Menina and Aviões do Forró, were responsible for the popularization of electronic forró, which promoted the revaluation of the accordion in the genre and brought it closer to pop music. The forró pé-de serra, however, still holds great cultural influence and commercial prominence in the city.<ref name="Forró DiárioNE">{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/caderno-3/para-pesquisador-forro-eletronico-renova-a-tradicao-1.681181|title=Para pesquisador, forró eletrônico renova a tradição|date=10 November 2012|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808033802/http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/caderno-3/para-pesquisador-forro-eletronico-renova-a-tradicao-1.681181|archive-date=August 8, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Música popular brasileira]], some of the names from Fortaleza were Fagner, Ednardo, Belchior (from Sobral but lived in Fortaleza) and Amelinha.<ref name="Forró DiárioNE"/> The musical tradition of Fortaleza, however, goes back to the composer Alberto Nepomuceno, one of the greatest names in classical music in Brazil, a pioneer in the development of the country's musical nationalism, and therefore considered the "founder of Brazilian music". The Alberto Nepomuceno Conservatory is one of the city's leading music schools.<ref name="Forró DiárioNE"/>

===Carnival===
Fortaleza hosts one of the noted [[Brazilian Carnival]]s. Its main locations are Iracema Beach and Avenue Domingos Olimpio.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenna Francisco |title=8 Places to Celebrate Carnaval in Brazil (3 of 8) |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/where-to-celebrate-carnaval-in-brazil-1467316 |website=TripSavvy |publisher=[[Dotdash]] |access-date=15 February 2020 |date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303235151/https://www.tripsavvy.com/where-to-celebrate-carnaval-in-brazil-1467316 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Cuisine===
[[File:Baião de dois.jpg|thumb|right|The ''Baião de dois'' a typical dish from [[Ceará]].]]
The gastronomy of Fortaleza is very close to the typical Northeastern cuisine, and, traditional include the ''baião de dois'', usually accompanied by barbecue of mutton or meat of sun, and [[tapioca]] which is a pancake made from the starch of cassava. The seafood is another ingredient of typical dishes of fortalezeense cuisine, such as the steak [[moqueca]] and the mackerel and snapper fish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/suplementos/tur/sabores-da-culinaria-regional-1.74967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205142038/http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/suplementos/tur/sabores-da-culinaria-regional-1.74967|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2015|title=Sabores da culinária regional|date=26 August 2005|publisher=Diário do Nordeste|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref>

The fruit of the sea identity of the coast of the state is the [[crab]]. [[Shrimp]] and [[lobster]] are also widely used delicacies in dishes such as shrimp rice or shrimp dumplings.<ref name="UOL Viagem">{{cite web|url=http://viagem.uol.com.br/guia/brasil/fortaleza/gastronomia/index.htm|title=Fortaleza|publisher=UOL Viagem|access-date=9 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221211546/http://viagem.uol.com.br/guia/brasil/fortaleza/gastronomia/index.htm|archive-date=December 21, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>