Editing Flatulence (section)

===Volume===
{{Main|Antiflatulent|Carminative}}
One method of reducing the volume of flatus produced is dietary modification, reducing the amount of fermentable carbohydrates. This is the theory behind diets such as the [[low-FODMAP diet]] (a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, alcohols, and polyols).<ref name="Staudacher 2011">{{cite journal |last=Staudacher |first=HM |author2=Whelan, K |author3=Irving, PM |author4= Lomer, MC |title=Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome |journal=Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics |date=October 2011 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=487–95 |pmid=21615553 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01162.x}}</ref>

Most starches, including potatoes, corn, noodles, and wheat, produce gas as they are broken down in the large intestine.<ref name="NIH Gas in the"/> Intestinal gas can be reduced by fermenting the beans, and making them less gas-inducing, or by cooking them in the liquor from a previous batch. For example, the fermented bean product [[miso]] is less likely to produce as much intestinal gas. Some [[legume]]s also stand up to prolonged cooking, which can help break down the oligosaccharides into simple sugars. Fermentative lactic acid bacteria such as ''[[Lactobacillus casei]]'' and ''[[Lactobacillus plantarum]]'' reduce flatulence in the human intestinal tract.<ref>{{cite web |title=Study shows secret to gas-free beans |url=http://reuters.myway.com/article/20060426/2006-04-26T170153Z_01_N25328545_RTRIDST_0_ODD-BEANS-DC-DC.html |date=2006-04-26|access-date=2007-09-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110835/http://reuters.myway.com/article/20060426/2006-04-26T170153Z_01_N25328545_RTRIDST_0_ODD-BEANS-DC-DC.html |archive-date = 2006-05-02}}</ref>

[[Probiotic]]s ([[yogurt|live yogurt]], [[kefir]], etc.) are reputed to reduce flatulence when used to restore balance to the normal [[intestinal flora]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rubin |first=Jordan S. |author-link=Jordan S. Rubin |author2=Joseph Brasco |title=Restoring Your Digestive Health |year=2003 |publisher=[[Kensington Books]] |isbn=978-0758202826 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/restoringyourdig00rubi }}{{page needed|date=August 2015}}</ref> Live (bioactive) yogurt contains, among other lactic bacteria, ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]'', which may be useful in reducing flatulence. ''L.&nbsp;acidophilus'' may make the intestinal environment more acidic, supporting a natural balance of the fermentative processes. ''L.&nbsp;acidophilus'' is available in supplements. [[Prebiotic (nutrition)|Prebiotics]], which generally are non-digestible oligosaccharides, such as [[fructooligosaccharide]], generally increase flatulence in a similar way as described for lactose intolerance.

[[Digestive enzyme]] supplements may significantly reduce the amount of flatulence caused by some components of foods not being digested by the body and thereby promoting the action of microbes in the small and large [[intestines]]. It has been suggested that [[alpha-galactosidase]] enzymes, which can digest certain complex sugars, are effective in reducing the volume and frequency of flatus.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Ganiats TG |author2=Norcross WA |author3=Halverson AL |author4=Burford PA |author5=Palinkas LA | title=Does Beano prevent gas? A double-blind crossover study of oral alpha-galactosidase to treat dietary oligosaccharide intolerance| journal=The Journal of Family Practice | year=1994| volume=39| pages=441–45 |pmid=7964541| issue=5 }}</ref> The [[enzymes]] alpha-galactosidase, [[lactase]], [[amylase]], [[lipase]], [[protease]], [[cellulase]], [[Amylase#γ-Amylase|glucoamylase]], [[invertase]], malt [[diastase]], [[pectinase]], and [[bromelain]] are available, either individually or in combination blends, in commercial products.

The [[antibiotic]] [[rifaximin]], often used to treat [[diarrhea]] caused by the [[microorganism]] ''[[Escherichia coli|E.&nbsp;coli]]'', may reduce both the production of intestinal gas and the frequency of flatus events.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Di Stefano M |author2=Strocchi A |author3=Malservisi S |author4=Veneto G |author5=Ferrieri A |author6=Corazza GR | title=Non-absorbable antibiotics for managing intestinal gas production and gas-related symptoms| journal=[[Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics]] | year=2000| volume=14| pages=1001–08| doi=10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00808.x |pmid=10930893 | issue=8|s2cid=19613386 | doi-access=free }}</ref>