Editing Federation (section)

====Spain====
[[File:Comunidades autónomas de España.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|The [[Autonomous communities of Spain]]]]
[[Spain]] is suggested as one possible ''de facto'' federation<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/25811-Is-Spain-a-federation|title = Is Spain a federation?|website = Eupedia.com|date = 8–25 May 2010}}</ref> as it grants more self-government to its [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous communities]]<ref name="Mallet">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/de6c00f0-8c25-11de-b14f-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/de6c00f0-8c25-11de-b14f-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Flimsier footings|last=Mallet |first=Victor|date=18 August 2010|work=Financial Times|access-date=25 August 2010}}{{Registration required}}</ref><ref name="economist.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12501023|title=A survey of Spain: How much is enough?|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=25 August 2010|date=6 November 2008}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> than are retained by the constituent entities of most federations.<ref>{{cite web|first = Luis|last = Moreno|title = Federalization in multinational Spain|url = https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36013985.pdf|publisher = Unidad de Políticas Comparadas (CSIC)|id = Working Paper 07-04|access-date = 26 February 2019|archive-date = 22 September 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210922083211/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36013985.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref> For the [[Cortes Generales|Spanish parliament]] to revoke the autonomy of regions such as [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Catalonia]] or the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] would be a political near-impossibility, though nothing bars it legally. The Spanish parliament has, however, suspended the autonomy of [[Catalonia]] in response to the [[Catalan declaration of independence]], in the lead-up to the [[Catalan regional election, 2017|2017 Catalan election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Rajoy-cesa-Puigdemont-Govern_0_701680927.html|title=Rajoy cesa al Govern, disuelve el Parlament y convoca elecciones para el 21 de diciembre |work=eldiario.es|access-date=10 August 2018|date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Additionally, some autonomies such as [[Navarre]] or the Basque Country have full control over taxation and spending, transferring a payment to the central government for the common services (military, foreign relations, macroeconomic policy). For example, scholar Enrique Guillén López discusses the "federal nature of Spain's government (a trend that almost no one denies)."<ref>[http://www.ugr.es/~pwdconst/enrique/ENRIQUE%20GUILLEN.htm Enrique Guillén López] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091011102721/http://www.ugr.es/~pwdconst/enrique/ENRIQUE%20GUILLEN.htm |date=11 October 2009 }}, JUDICIAL REVIEW IN SPAIN: THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT, 41 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 541, 544 (2008).</ref> Each autonomous community is governed by a [[Statute of Autonomy]] ({{Lang|es|Estatuto de Autonomía}}) under the [[Constitution of Spain|Spanish Constitution of 1978]].