Editing European Space Agency (section)

===Membership and contribution to the ESA===
{{Multiple image
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 |caption2={{legend|#439CC6|ESA member states}}{{legend|#0000ff|ESA associate members}}{{legend|#47C2B4|European cooperating states (ECS)}}{{legend|#23A552|Signatories of the Cooperation Agreement}}
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Member states participate to varying degrees with both mandatory space programs and those that are optional.  {{asof|2008}}, the mandatory programmes made up 25% of total expenditures while optional space programmes were the other 75%.<ref name="czechspace.cz">{{cite web |url=http://www.czechspace.cz/cs/system/files/AO6052-ws00pe.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511110444/http://www.czechspace.cz/cs/system/files/AO6052-ws00pe.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2013 |title=ESA programmes with Czech participation |publisher=[[Czech Space Office]] |year=2009}}</ref> The ESA has traditionally implemented a policy of "georeturn", where funds that ESA member states provide to the ESA "are returned in the form of contracts to companies in those countries."<ref name=sn20240619>{{cite news |last=Foust|first=Jeff |title=ESA takes first step to modify georeturn policies |url=https://spacenews.com/esa-takes-first-step-to-modify-georeturn-policies/ |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2024-06-20}}</ref>

By 2015, the ESA was an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states.<ref name="ESA" />
The 2008 ESA budget amounted to €3.0&nbsp;billion whilst the 2009 budget amounted to €3.6&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/corporate/ESA_2009_Budgetsweb.pdf |title=ESA budget for 2009 |publisher=ESA |date=January 2009 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-date=30 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130213055/http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/corporate/ESA_2009_Budgetsweb.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The total budget amounted to about €3.7&nbsp;billion in 2010, €3.99&nbsp;billion in 2011, €4.02&nbsp;billion in 2012, €4.28&nbsp;billion in 2013, €4.10&nbsp;billion in 2014, €4.43&nbsp;billion in 2015, €5.25&nbsp;billion in 2016, €5.75&nbsp;billion in 2017, €5.60&nbsp;billion in 2018, €5.72&nbsp;billion in 2019, €6,68&nbsp;billion in 2020, €6.49&nbsp;billion in 2021, €7.15&nbsp;billion in 2022, €7.46&nbsp;billion in 2023 and €7.79&nbsp;billion in 2024.<ref name="Budgets">* {{cite web |date=24 January 2013 |title=ESA Budget for 2013 |url=http://www.esa.int/For_Media/Latest_web_news/Budget_as_presented_during_DG_press_conference_24_January_2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021202123/http://www.esa.int/For_Media/Latest_web_news/Budget_as_presented_during_DG_press_conference_24_January_2013 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 May 2013 |work=esa.int}}
* {{cite web |title=ESA budget for 2011 |url=http://download.esa.int/docs/DG/ESA_2011_Budget_040111_rev2.ppt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131183314/http://download.esa.int/docs/DG/ESA_2011_Budget_040111_rev2.ppt |archive-date=31 January 2020 |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=ESA |format=PPT}}
* {{cite web |title=ESA budget for 2013 |url=http://spaceinimages.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2013/01/esa_budget_2013/12496038-4-eng-GB/ESA_budget_2013.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103182759/http://spaceinimages.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2013/01/esa_budget_2013/12496038-4-eng-GB/ESA_budget_2013.jpg |archive-date=3 November 2013 |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=ESA |format=JPG}}
* {{cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=ESA Budget for 2014 |url=http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2014/01/ESA_budget_by_domain_for_2014_M_Million_Euro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111022527/http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2014/01/ESA_budget_by_domain_for_2014_M_Million_Euro |archive-date=11 November 2014 |access-date=29 January 2015 |work=esa.int}}
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2015/01/ESA_Budget_2015]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2016/01/ESA_budget_2016]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2017/01/ESA_budget_2017]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/01/ESA_budget_2018]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2019/01/ESA_Budget_2019]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/01/ESA_budget_2020]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/01/ESA_budget_2021]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2022/01/ESA_budget_2022]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2023/01/ESA_budget_2023]
* [https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2024/01/ESA_budget_2024]</ref>

English and French are the two official languages of the ESA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently asked questions |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/Frequently_asked_questions2 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, official documents are also provided in German and documents regarding the [[Spacelab]] have been also provided in Italian. If found appropriate, the agency may conduct its correspondence in any language of a member state.<ref>{{cite report|title=ESA Convention and Council Rules of Procedure|url=https://europeanspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SP-1337_EN.pdf |date=November 2019|publisher=ESA |page=127|access-date=March 21, 2025}}</ref>

The following table lists all the member states and adjunct members, their ESA convention ratification dates, and their contributions as of 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESA Funding |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Funding |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115090919/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Funding |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Member state or partner
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Ratification of ESA convention<ref>{{cite web |title=ESA Convention |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Law_at_ESA/ESA_Convention |website=esa.int |access-date=8 March 2025}}</ref>
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | National programme
! scope="col" colspan="3" | Contributions
|-
! scope="col" | M€
! scope="col" | % of total
! scope="col" | Per capita (€)<ref>For European states, population is taken from the 2022 column of [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/bookmark/9cc6dc79-3700-4e53-8259-4e6c12fc98cc?lang=en Eurostat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016205527/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/bookmark/9cc6dc79-3700-4e53-8259-4e6c12fc98cc?lang=en |date=16 October 2022 }} table.

For Canada, see the 2022 column of [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 Statistics Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211032546/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |date=11 February 2022 }} table.</ref>{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}
|-
! colspan="6" |Full member states
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Austria}}<ref group="note" name="Ireland" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1986|12|30}}
|[[Austrian Space Agency|FFG]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|62.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.2}}%
|6.85
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Belgium}}{{#tag:ref|Founding members and initial signatories drafted the ESA charter which entered into force on 30 October 1980. These nations were also members of either [[European Launcher Development Organisation|ELDO]] or [[European Space Research Organisation|ESRO]].<ref name="ESA Convention">{{cite book |url=http://www.spacebooks-online.com/product_info.php?products_id=17557 |title=ESA Convention |date= 2010 |edition=7th |publisher=European Space Agency Communications, [[ESTEC]] |isbn=978-92-9221-410-4 |issn=0379-4067 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906133404/http://www.spacebooks-online.com/product_info.php?products_id=17557 |archive-date=6 September 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|name=founding|group=note}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|3}}
|[[Belgian Federal Science Policy Office|BELSPO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|292.6}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|5.6}}%
|24.91
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2008|8|12}}
|[[Ministry of Transport (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Transport]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|48.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.9}}%
|4.47
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Denmark}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1977|9|15}}
|[[DTU Space]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|35.1}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.7}}%
|5.92
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2015|9|1}}
|[[Estonian Space Office|ESO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|7.0}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.1}}%
|5.12
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1995|1|1}}
|[[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|33.5}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.6}}%
|6.02
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|France}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1980|10|30}}
|[[CNES]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1048.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|20.1}}%
|15.38
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Germany}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
||{{dts|format=dmy|1977|7|26}}
||[[German Aerospace Centre|DLR]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1171.6}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|22.4}}%
|14.10
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2005|3|9}}
|[[Hellenic National Space Committee]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|16.1}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.3}}%
|1.55
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2015|11|4}}
|[[Hungarian Space Office|HSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|23.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.4}}%
|2.42
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Ireland}}{{refn|These nations are considered initial signatories, but since they were members of neither [[European Space Research Organisation|ESRO]] nor [[European Launcher Development Organisation|ELDO]] (the precursor organisations to ESA) the Convention could only enter into force when the last of the other 10 founders ratified it.|name=Ireland|group=note}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|1980|12|10}}
|[[Enterprise Ireland]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|22.8}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.4}}%
|4.33
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Italy}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1978|2|20}}
|[[Italian Space Agency|ASI]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|881.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|16.9}}%
|14.94
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2005|6|30}}
|[[Luxembourg Space Agency|LSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|41.6}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.8}}%
|62.95
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Netherlands}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1979|2|6}}
|[[Netherlands Space Office|NSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|117.1}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2.2}}%
|6.57
|-
|{{Flagicon|EFTA}}{{Flag|Norway}}<ref group="note" name="Ireland" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1986|12|30}}
|[[Norwegian Space Agency|NSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|71.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.4}}%
|13.01
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Poland}}
||{{dts|format=dmy|2012|11|19}}
|[[Polish Space Agency|POLSA]] 
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|47.7}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.9}}%
|1.30
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2000|11|14}}
|[[Portugal Space|PT Space]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|19.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.4}}%
|1.85
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2011|12|22}}
|[[Romanian Space Agency|ROSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|51.0}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.0}}%
|2.68
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|1}}
|[[Ministry of Economic Development and Technology (Slovenia)|Ministry of Economic Development and Technology]]
| style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|3.9}}
| style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.1}}%
|1.84
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Spain}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1979|2|7}}
|[[Agencia Espacial Española|AEE]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|297.5}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|5.7}}%
|6.19
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Sweden}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1976|4|6}}
|[[Swedish National Space Agency|SNSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|80.0}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.5}}%
|7.60
|-
|{{Flagicon|EFTA}}{{Flag|Switzerland}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1976|11|19}}
|[[Swiss Space Office|SSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|188.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|3.6}}%
|21.35
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<ref group="note" name="founding" />
|{{dts|format=dmy|1978|3|28}}
|[[UK Space Agency|UKSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|448.9}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|8.6}}%
|6.60
|-
! scope="row" |Others
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|203.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|3.9}}%
|{{n/a}}
|-
! colspan=6 style="background-color:#e9e9e9; text-align:left;" |Non-full members
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}{{refn|Canada is a Cooperating State of ESA.<ref name="Leclerc-1998"/><ref name="assoc">{{cite book |url=http://www.esa.int/esapub/hsr/HSR_25.pdf |title=Canada and The European Space Agency: Three Decades of Cooperation |first=Lydia |last=Dotto |date=2002 |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809053114/http://www.esa.int/esapub/hsr/HSR_25.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=Canada|group=note}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|1979|1|1}}<ref name="Leclerc-1998">{{cite journal |url=http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet96/LECLERC.pdf |title=Canada and ESA: 20 Years of Cooperation |first1=G. |last1=Leclerc |first2=S. |last2=Lessard |journal=ESA Bulletin |issue=96 |date=November 1998 |isbn=92-9092-533-7 |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809053040/http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bullet96/LECLERC.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref group="note" name="Associate states" />
||[[Canadian Space Agency|CSA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|11.0}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.2}}%
|0.28
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2020|7|27}}<ref name="www.esa.int-2020">{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Latvia becomes ESA Associate Member State |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Latvia_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_State |access-date=18 August 2020 |website=www.esa.int |language=en |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111221710/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Latvia_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_State |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|Date of ratification of association agreement.|name=Associate states|group=note}}
|[[Latvian Space Office|LSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.5}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.0}}%
|0.27
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2021|5|21}}<ref name="www.esa.int-2">{{Cite web |title=Lithuania becomes ESA Associate Member state |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Lithuania_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_state |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222072237/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Lithuania_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_state |url-status=live }}</ref><ref group="note" name="Associate states" />
|[[Lithuanian Space Office|LSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.9}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.0}}%
|0.32
|-
|{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|{{dts|format=dmy|2022|10|13}}<ref name="www.esa.int">{{Cite web |title=Slovakia becomes ESA Associate Member state |url=https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Slovakia_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_state |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=www.esa.int |language=en |archive-date=13 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013201557/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Slovakia_becomes_ESA_Associate_Member_state |url-status=live }}</ref><ref group="note" name="Associate states" />
|[[Slovak Space Office|SSO]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|3.5}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|0.1}}%
|0.65
|- style="background-color:#e9e9e9; font-weight:bold;"
|colspan=3 |{{hs|za}}Members and associates total
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|5,024.9}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{#expr:100*5024.9/7785.1round1}}%
|
|-
|{{Flag|European Union}}{{hs|zb}}<ref group="note" name="union">Framework Agreement establishing the legal basis for cooperation between ESA and the European Union came into force in May 2004.</ref>
|{{dts|format=dmy|2004|5|28}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2004/578/oj |title=Framework Agreement between the European Community and the European Space Agency |publisher=Consilium.europa.eu |access-date=29 August 2011 }}</ref>
|[[European Union Agency for the Space Programme|EUSPA]]
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1822.6}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|23.4}}%
|4.06
|-
! scope="row" |[[EUMETSAT]]{{hs|zc}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|116.4}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|1.5}}%
|{{n/a}}
|-
! scope="row" |{{hs|zd}}Other income
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|821.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|10.5}}%
|{{n/a}}
|- style="background-color:#e9e9e9; font-weight:bold;"
|colspan=3 |{{hs|za}}Other institutional partners and income total
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|2,760.2}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{#expr:100*2760.2/7785.1round1}}%
|
|- style="background-color:#e9e9e9; font-weight:bold;"
|colspan=3 |{{hs|ze}}Grand total
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|7,785.1}}
|style="text-align:right;" |{{nts|100%}}
|
|}

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