Editing Emilio Aguinaldo (section)

==First Philippine Republic==
The [[First Philippine Republic]] was formally established with the proclamation of the [[Malolos Constitution]] on January 21, 1899, in [[Malolos]], [[Bulacan]] and endured until capture of Aguinaldo by the American forces on March 23, 1901, in [[Palanan, Isabela]], which effectively dissolved the First Republic. Aguinaldo wrote in [[Tarlac]] during the First Republic the [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] manuscript of his autobiographical work, which would later be translated by [[Felipe Buencamino]] into Spanish and released as ''Reseña Veridica de la Revolucion Filipina'' (in English, ''True Account of the Philippine Revolution'').<ref name="7f9VZ" />
[[File:Emilio Aguinaldo boarding USS Vicksburg.jpg|thumb|right|Aguinaldo boarding {{USS|Vicksburg|PG-11|6}} following his capture in 1901]]

On August 13, 1898, American forces had captured Manila during the "mock" [[Battle of Manila (1898)|Battle of Manila]] and on August 14, 1898, established the [[United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands]], with Major-General [[Wesley Merritt]] as the first [[Governor-General of the Philippines#United States Military Government (1898–1901)|American Military Governor]].{{sfn|Halstead|1898|pp=[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=110&fk_files=58428 110–112]}} On the night of February 4, 1899, a Filipino was shot by an American sentry. That incident was considered to be the beginning of the [[Philippine–American War]] and culminated in the 1899 [[Battle of Manila (1899)|Battle of Manila]] between American and Filipino forces. Superior American military technology drove Filipino troops away from the city, and Aguinaldo's government had to move from one place to another as defeats mounted.{{sfn|Zaide|1999|pp=268–270, 273–274}} At the [[Battle of Marilao River]], Aguinaldo himself took command in a desperate attempt to prevent American crossings. The Americans gained superiority in the battle only after severe fighting and the use of [[gunboat]]s in the river that "made great execution" of Filipino soldiers.<ref name="V. R. Jose" /> On November 13, 1899, Aguinaldo issued an order disbanding the remnants of the Filipino national army; in the same order, he formulated a strategy of [[guerrilla warfare]]. Aguinaldo subsequently fled to Northern [[Luzon]], where he continued to exercise command.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jones | first=G. | title=Honor in the Dust: Theodore Roosevelt, War in the Philippines, and the Rise and Fall of America's Imperial Dream | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-101-57512-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGsWm64b2F8C | chapter=Chapter 10 The Filipino Republic is Destroyed}}</ref>

=== National cabinet ===
{{Main|List of cabinets of the Philippines#Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901)}}

===Capture and declaration of allegiance to the U.S.===
On March 23, 1901, with the aid of [[Macabebe Scouts]] forces led by General [[Frederick Funston]], Aguinaldo was captured in his headquarters in [[Palanan, Isabela]].<ref name="83x8y" /> On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States, formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines.{{sfn|Zaide|1999|pp=274–275}} He published a manifesto in which he acknowledged that most of the Filipino people had united around the United States, declaring "unmistakably in favor of peace", said, "a complete termination of hostilities and lasting peace are not only desirable, but absolutely essential to the welfare of the Philippine Islands." In this manifesto, he acknowledged and accepted U.S. sovereignty throughout the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/787/today-in-philippine-history-april-19-1901-aguinaldo-issued-peace-manifesto-after-his-capture-and-after-his-oath-of-allegiance-to-the-united-states|title=
Today in Filipino history, April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo issued Peace Manifesto after his capture and after his oath of allegiance to the United States|website=kahimyang.com|date=
December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/adt4867.0001.001/1?page=root&size=100&view=text|title=Address to the Filipino People: April 19, 1901 / Emilio Aguinaldo.|publisher=Office of the Military Governor in the Philippine Islands|orig-date=April 19, 1901}}</ref>