Editing Emergency medicine (section)

==== Urban ====
Alternatively, emergency medicine in urban areas consists of diverse provider groups, including [[physician]]s, [[physician assistant]]s, nurse practitioners and registered nurses who coordinate with specialists in both inpatient and outpatient facilities to address patients' needs, more specifically in the ED. For all systems, regardless of funding source, EMTALA mandates EDs to conduct a medical examination for anyone that presents at the department, irrespective of paying ability.<ref>EMTALA. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EMTALA/ . Accessed 2016-11-15.
</ref> Non-profit hospitals and health systems – as required by the ACA – must provide a certain threshold of charity care "by actively ensuring that those who qualify for financial assistance get it, by charging reasonable rates to uninsured patients and by avoiding extraordinary collection practices."<ref>Kutscher B. Hospitals fall short on ACA charity-care rules. Modern Healthcare. http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20151028/news/151029886 . Published 28 October 2015. Accessed 2016-11-16.</ref> While there are limitations, this mandate provides support to many in need. That said, despite policy efforts and increased funding and federal reimbursement in urban areas, the triple aim (of improving patient experience, enhancing population health, and reducing the per-capita cost of care) remains a challenge without providers' and payers' collaboration to increase access to preventive care and decrease in ED usage. As a result, many experts support the notion that emergency medical services should only serve immediate risks in urban and rural areas.