Editing Elagabalus (section)

==Cultural references==
Despite the attempted ''damnatio memoriae'', stories about Elagabalus survived and figured in many works of art and literature.<ref name="Chrystal-337" /> In Spanish, his name became a word for "glutton", ''[[:wikt:heliogábalo|heliogábalo]]''.<ref name="Chrystal-337">Paul Chrystal, ''In Bed with the Romans'' (2015), p. [//www.google.com/books/edition/In_Bed_with_the_Romans/reMgCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&pg=PP337 337]: "Despite the ''damnatio'', many works of art and literature have been spawned by the emperor's memory. He lives on in the Spanish word ''heliogábalo''"</ref><ref name="DRAE">''[http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2&TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=heliog%C3%A1balo heliogábalo] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130106144501/http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2&TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=heliog%C3%A1balo |date=6 January 2013 }}'' in the [[Diccionario de la Real Academia Española]]. Retrieved on 3 May 2008.</ref> Due to the ancient stories about him, he often appears in literature and other creative media as a decadent figure (becoming something of an anti-hero in the [[Decadent movement]] of the late 19th century, and inspiring many famous works of art, especially by Decadents)<ref name="glbtq-enc-elagabal" /> and the epitome of a young, amoral [[aesthete]]. The most notable of these works include:<ref>For detailed lists of the appearance of Elagabalus in various media, and a critical evaluation of some of these works, see Icks (2012), pp. 219–224.</ref>

===Fiction===
[[File:L'agonie (1902) Elagabalus conduisant un char a seize chevaux blancs, ou, sur un autel de pierreries, reposait le cone de pierre noire.jpg|thumb|Illustration by [[Auguste Leroux]] for the 1902 edition of [[Jean Lombard]]'s ''L'agonie'' showing the migration of the ''baetyl'' of Elgabal, though with the emperor riding rather than leading the god's chariot]]
*''[[L'Agonie]]'' (1888) by [[Jean Lombard]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/lagoniel00lomb|title=L'agonie|first=Jean|last=Lombard|date=27 June 1902|publisher=Paris : P. Ollendorff|access-date=27 June 2022|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> which was the inspiration for [[Louis Couperus]]'s ''[[De berg van licht]]'' (''The Mountain of Light'') in 1905–06.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
*''[[Héliogabale ou l'Anarchiste couronné]]'' (''Heliogabalus or The Anarchist Crowned'') by [[Antonin Artaud]] (1934), depicting the life of Elagabalus and combining essay, biography, and fiction.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boldt-Irons |first=Leslie Anne |date=1996 |title=Anarchy and Androgyny in Artaud's "Héliogabale ou L'Anarchiste Couronné" |journal=The Modern Language Review |publisher=[[Modern Humanities Research Association]] |location=Cambridge, UK |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=866–877 |jstor=3733514 |doi=10.2307/3733514}}</ref>
*Historical novels ''[[Family Favourites (novel)|Family Favourites]]'' (1960) by [[Alfred Duggan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Duggan |first=Alfred Leo |url=https://archive.org/details/familyfavorites00dugg |title=Family favorites |date=1961 |publisher=[New York] Pantheon Books |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> and ''[[Child of the Sun (novel)|Child of the Sun]]'' (1966) by [[Kyle Onstott]] and [[Lance Horner]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Glenn |first=Ray |date=October 26, 1972 |title=Book Reviews - Child of the Sun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPArAAAAIBAJ&lpg=PA39&dq=child%20of%20the%20sun%20kyle%20onstott&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q=Kyle%20Onstott&f=false |access-date=January 10, 2025 |work=The Kentucky New Era}}</ref> in the former of which an ordinary Roman soldier witnesses the reign.
*[[Victor Pelevin]]'s novel ''[[Sol Invictus (novel)|Sol Invictus]]'' (2020), which depicts Elagabalus as a key unrecognized spiritual figure.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

===Plays===
* ''[[Heliogabalus: A Buffoonery in Three Acts]]'' (1920) by [[H. L. Mencken]] and [[George Jean Nathan]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Heliogabalus: A Buffoonery in Three Acts |author=Mencken, H. L.|author-link=H. L. Mencken |author2=Nathan, George Jean|author2-link=George Jean Nathan |url=https://archive.org/details/heliogabalusabu00nathgoog |location=New York |date=1920|publisher=A. A. Knopf}}</ref>
* ''[[Heliogabalus: A Love Story]]'' (2002) by [[Sky Gilbert]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Heliogabalus: A Love Story |author=Gilbert, Sky |author-link= Sky Gilbert |location=Toronto |publisher=Cabaret Theatre Company |date=2002}}</ref>

=== Dance ===
[[Image:Elagabalus Forchtenstein.jpg|thumb|upright|Elagabalus on a wall painting at [[Forchtenstein Castle]] in [[Austria]]]]
* ''Héliogabale'', a modern dance choreographed by [[Maurice Béjart]]<ref>Giorgio Lotti, Raul Radice, John Gilbert, ''La Scala'' (1979), p. 232: "In ''Heliogabale'', created for the Yantra Ballet (Ballet of the Twentieth Century) and performed for the first time at the Shiraz Festival, Béjart drew inspiration from three sources—African music, used to conjure up the magical atmosphere surrounding Heliogabalus; Italian opera, reflecting the grandeur of Imperial Rome; and Verdi's Macbeth, expressing the power of the feminine will".</ref>
* ''The Legends'', a dance performed by [[Sebastian Droste]] as Heliogabalus, as part of the ''Dances of Vice, Horror and Ecstasy'' performance staged by Droste and [[Anita Berber]] in 1923<ref>Mel Gordon, ''The Seven Addictions and Five Professions of Anita Berber'' (2006), p. 175</ref>

===Music===
* ''[[Eliogabalo]]'' (1667), an opera by Venetian Baroque composer [[Francesco Cavalli]]
* Is mentioned (as Heliogabalus) in the "[[Major-General's Song]]" (1879) from [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://genius.com/2863863 |title=I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-date=4 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013137/https://genius.com/Gilbert-and-sullivan-i-am-the-very-model-of-a-modern-major-general-annotated?referent_id=2863863|url-status=live}}</ref> "I quote in elegiacs all the crimes of Heliogabalus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naic.edu/~gibson/poems/gilbert1.html|title='I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General' (lyrics)|website=Naic.edu|access-date=27 June 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815183532/https://naic.edu/~gibson/poems/gilbert1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Heliogabale (opera)|Heliogabale]]'' (1910), an opera by French composer [[Déodat de Séverac]] 
*[[Artaud (album)|''Artaud'']] (1973), an album released by Argentine band [[Pescado Rabioso]], particularly the track "[[Cantata de Puentes Amarillos]]", was heavily influenced by Antonin Artaud's book, ''Héliogabale ou l'Anarchiste couronn''é, as well as the life of Heliogabalus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Spinetta |first=Luis Alberto |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/905840105 |title=Spinetta : crónica e iluminaciones |date=2014 |others=Eduardo Berti |isbn=978-950-49-4055-5 |edition=Enlarged, corrected and updated  |location=C.A.B.A. |page=44 |oclc=905840105}}</ref> 
* ''[[Eliogabalus]]'' (1990), title of both the second album and second song by the experimental rock band [[Devil Doll (Slovenian band)]]
* ''[[Heliogabalus imperator]]'' (''Emperor Heliogabalus'') (1972), an orchestral work by the German composer [[Hans Werner Henze]] 
* ''[[Six Litanies for Heliogabalus]]'' (2007), an album by American musician [[John Zorn]]
* ''[[The Pale Emperor]]'' (2015), an album by American musician [[Marilyn Manson]], was inspired by the life of Heliogabalus and more specifically Antonin Artaud's book<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/marilyn-manson-devil-beneath-my-feet |title=Marilyn Manson: The Devil Beneath My Feet |date=1 March 2015 |work=Revolver|access-date=12 March 2018 |language=en|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083436/https://www.revolvermag.com/music/marilyn-manson-devil-beneath-my-feet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/02/20/marilyn-mason-makeup |title=Marilyn Manson Explains His Life-Long Love Affair With Makeup |work=The Fader|access-date=12 March 2018 |language=en|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192354/http://www.thefader.com/2015/02/20/marilyn-mason-makeup|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Paintings ===
[[Image:The Roses of Heliogabalus.jpg|thumb|300px|''[[The Roses of Heliogabalus]]'' by [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]] (1888)]]
* ''Heliogabalus, High Priest of the Sun'' (1866), by the [[Pre-Raphaelite]] [[Simeon Solomon]]
*  ''[[The Roses of Heliogabalus]]'' (1888), by the Anglo-Dutch academician Sir [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]], depicts one of the most notorious incidents laid to Elagabalus's account, an extravagant dinner party in which guests were smothered under a mass of "violets and other flowers" dropped from above.<ref>{{cite news |work=Augustan History |title=Life of Elagabalus |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/2*.html#21 |page=21|access-date=19 February 2021|archive-date=4 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013046/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/2%2A.html#21|url-status=live}}</ref> 
* ''Antonin Artaud Heliogabalus'' (2010–11), by [[Anselm Kiefer]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.artribune.com/2012/02/kiefer-a-bermondsey-prima-personale-alla-nuova-white-cube/anselm-kiefer-antonin-artaud-heliogabalus-2010-11-a4-1 |title=Anselm Kiefer – Antonin Artaud Heliogabalus – 2010–11 – courtesy White Cube, Londra – photo Ben Westoby |date=21 February 2012 |publisher=Artribune |language=it|access-date=9 July 2012|archive-date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611063121/http://www.artribune.com/2012/02/kiefer-a-bermondsey-prima-personale-alla-nuova-white-cube/anselm-kiefer-antonin-artaud-heliogabalus-2010-11-a4-1/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Poetry===
* ''[[Algabal]]'' (1892–1919), a collection of poems by [[Stefan George]]
* In "He 'Digesteth Harde Yron{{'"}} American poet [[Marianne Moore]] describes a banquet at which Elagabalus served six hundred ostrich brains, a detail she found in George Jennison's book ''Animals for Show and Pleasure in Ancient Rome''.

===Television===
* In [[CBBC (TV channel)|CBBC]]'s adaptation of ''[[Horrible Histories (2009 TV series)|Horrible Histories]]'', Elagabalus is portrayed by [[Mathew Baynton]] as a laddish teenager with a cruel sense of humour.

===Film===
* Elagabalus is the subject of the  1911 French short historical drama ''[[A Roman Orgy]]'', in which he sets a pride of lions on an unfortunate slave.{{sfn|Icks|2011|p=241}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Cyrino|first=Monica S.|title=Screening Love and Sex in the Ancient World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=byvaE0aTiXUC&pg=PA244|date=6 February 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-29960-4|page=244}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/O/OrgieRomaine1911.html|title=L'orgie romaine|publisher=Silentera.com|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>