Editing Economy of Ukraine (section)

==Sectors==
{{Update section|date=January 2016}}

===Industries===
[[File:Zenit-2 rocket ready for launch.jpg|thumb|A [[Zenit-2]], produced by the former [[PA Pivdenmash|Yuzhmash]], Ukrainian rocket manufacturer]]
Ukraine is home to companies operating in around 20 major industries, namely power generation, fuel, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical and gas, machine building and metal-working, forest, wood-working and wood pulp and paper, construction materials, light, food, and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usndt.com.ua/industry.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231025730/http://www.usndt.com.ua/industry.htm|url-status=dead|title=Industry of Ukraine|archivedate=31 December 2010}}</ref> Industry accounted for 26% of GDP in 2012. Ukraine has a massive high-tech industrial base, including electronics, armaments, and space programme.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine - Resources, Power, Economy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/Resources-and-power |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

====Mining and production====
Ukraine is one of the world's most important mineral producing countries,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-08 |title=Mining - UkraineInvest |url=https://ukraineinvest.gov.ua/en/industries/mining/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> in terms of both the range and size of its reserves. There are nearly 8,000 separate deposits, harboring some 90 different minerals, of which about 20 are economically significant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine Critical Minerals Portfolio |url=https://www.geo.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/presentations/en/critical-minerals-portfolio.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2024 |publisher=Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Ukrainian Geological Survey}}</ref> About half of all the known deposits are under exploitation. Coal reserves in Ukraine amount to 47.1 billion tons. The annual domestic demand for coal as fuel is about 100 million tons, of which 85 percent can be satisfied by domestic production.

Ukraine has oil and gas fields that meet 10 percent of its oil and 20 percent of its gas consumption, respectively. Ukraine contains natural gas reserves of {{convert|39.6|e9cuft|abbr=off}}, but only about 20 percent of Ukraine's demand is met by domestic production. Deposits of iron ore (estimated at 28 billion tons),<ref>{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-03-24 |title=Iron ore production in the Ukraine and major projects |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/data-insights/iron-ore-in-the-ukraine/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Mining Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> manganese ore (3 billion tons), chalk and limestone (1.5 billion tons) are also large in Ukraine. The domestic industrial sector suffers from constant energy shortages and energy supply payment debts totaling about $792 million at the end of 1995. Ukraine increased oil and gas production in 2023 up to 18.7 bcm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine increased gas production by 0.9% - up to 18.7 bcm in 2023 — EXPRO Consulting |url=https://expro.com.ua/en/tidings/ukraine-increased-gas-production-by-09-up-to-187-bcm-in-2023 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=expro.com.ua |language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, Ukraine was the 7th largest world producer of iron ore,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics}}</ref> the world's 8th largest producer of [[manganese]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=USGS Manganese Production Statistics}}</ref> 6th largest producer of [[titanium]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-titanium-minerals.pdf|title=USGS Titanium Production Statistics}}</ref> and 7th largest producer worldwide of [[graphite]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-graphite.pdf|title=USGS Graphite Production Statistics}}</ref> Ukraine was the world's 9th largest producer of [[uranium]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.aspx|title=World Uranium Mining – World Nuclear Association|website=www.world-nuclear.org}}</ref> Before the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 escalation of the war with Russia]] Ukraine supplied about 50% of the world's [[Neon|neon gas]] and 40% of its [[krypton]], both of which are needed for the production of semiconductors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking|date=4 March 2022|work=Financial Times|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/low-on-gas-ukraine-invasion-chokes-supply-of-neon-needed-for-chipmaking/}}</ref> It is estimated that over 90% of U.S. semiconductor-grade neon supplies were imported from Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia could hit U.S. chip industry, White House warns|work=Reuters|author1=Alexandra Alper|author2=Alexandra Alper|date=11 February 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/white-house-tells-chip-industry-brace-russian-supply-disruptions-2022-02-11/}}</ref>

=====Iron and steel=====
{{Further|Metal production in Ukraine}}
Ukraine is rich in mineral deposits, including iron ore (of which it once produced 50 percent of the entire Soviet output), manganese ore (of which it produced 40 percent of world output during the Soviet era), mercury, titanium,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.info/economics/1719371-ukraines-2016-exports-of-titanium-ore-up-571-on-year.html|title=Ukraine's 2016 exports of titanium ore up 57.1% on year|publisher=[[UNIAN]]|date=12 January 2017}}</ref> and nickel.

Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing [[cast iron]], steel, and pipes. Among its economy leading companies in that field are [[Metinvest]], [[ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih|Kryvorizhstal]], AzovStal, [[Illich Steel and Iron Works|Ilyich Steel & Iron Works]], and others. As of 2012, Ukraine is the world's [[List of countries by steel production|tenth largest steel producer]] (according to the [[World Steel Association]]).

====Chemical industry====
Another important branch was the country's [[chemical industry]] which included the production of [[Coke (fuel)|coke]], [[mineral fertilizer]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-12 |title=Chemicals - UkraineInvest |url=https://ukraineinvest.gov.ua/en/industries/chemicals/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[sulfuric acid]]. Production of coke dropped tremendously due to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coke production in Ukraine fell by 59% in 2022 — Infographic — GMK Center |url=https://gmk.center/en/infographic/coke-production-in-ukraine-fell-by-59-in-2022/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=GMK |date=17 February 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Defence industry====
{{Further|Defense industry of Ukraine}}

[[File:BM Oplot, Kyiv 2018, 04.jpg|thumb|A [[T-84|BM Oplot]], produced by [[Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau|KMDB]]]]

[[Defense industry of Ukraine|Ukraine's defence industry]] is organised around [[Ukrainian Defense Industry|Ukroboronprom]], a state owned conglomerate of over 130 companies. These companies include Soviet era giants such as [[Ivchenko-Progress]] aircraft design bureau that was opened in 1945, to newer companies such as [[RPC Fort]] which came into existence in the 1990s. Ukraine is among the top 10 arms exporters in the world.<ref name="Interfax-Ukraine"/>

The signing of recent large contracts may put Ukraine into 6th place among biggest arms traders, after the United States, Russia, France, Germany, and Israel.<ref name="Interfax-Ukraine">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/60596/|title=Ukraine may become world's sixth biggest arms trader|publisher=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=2010-02-27}}</ref> The output of Ukrainian defence plants grew 58% in 2009, with largest growth reported by aircraft builders (77%) and ship builders (71%).<ref name="Interfax-Ukraine"/>

In 2013, Ukraine's defence sector manufactured a total of [[Ukrainian hryvnia|₴]]11.7 billion worth of goods, ₴10 billion of which were exported. In the first 9 months of 2014 Ukraine's defence sector produced a record ₴13 billion worth of goods. The increase was largely due to government orders for the war in Donbas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/ukroboronprom_za_9_mesyatsev_izgotovil_produktsii_bolshe_chem_za_ves_proshliy_god_1676552|publisher=Ukrinform|title=Укроборонпром за 9 месяцев изготовил продукции больше, чем за весь прошлый год|access-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810202336/http://www.ukrinform.ua/rus/news/ukroboronprom_za_9_mesyatsev_izgotovil_produktsii_bolshe_chem_za_ves_proshliy_god_1676552|archive-date=10 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Fuel and energy complex====
{{See also|Natural gas in Ukraine|Energy in Ukraine}}Due to Ukraine's large population and its significant energy consumption, it is one of the largest energy markets on the [[Europe|European continent]]. Ukraine's location at the intersection of Europe, Russia, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea provides its ample natural resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, as well as significant potential for hydro and biomass energy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=[[International Energy Agency]] |date=April 2022 |title=Ukraine energy profile |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/ukraine-energy-profile |access-date=16 May 2022 |publisher=IEA}}</ref>

Ukraine relies heavily on imports for natural gas and oil products. It is a key transit site for European imports of Russian gas.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=[[International Energy Agency]] |date=19 Jan 2020 |title=Ukraine – Countries & Regions |url=https://www.iea.org/countries/ukraine |access-date=16 May 2022 |publisher=IEA}}</ref> Ukraine transits more natural gas than any other country.<ref name=":0" /> Prior to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, economic crises, Russia's closure of its market, and the Russo-Ukrainian War in eastern Ukraine since 2014 had stymied some of the country's growth. Ukraine's energy policy has created incentives for investment in renewable energy sources, but these remain uncertain. Since 2015, Ukrainian energy policy has favoured reducing natural gas subsidies alongside diversifying energy supply. Ukraine participates in the European Union's EU4Energy Programme, an effort to promote evidence-based policy making in national energy sectors.<ref name=":1" />

=====Fuel industry=====
Ukraine remains heavily reliant on oil product and gas imports.<ref name=":0" /> Russia ranks as Ukraine's principal supplier of oil, and Russian firms own and/or operate the majority of Ukraine's refining capacity. Natural gas imports come from Russia – which delivers its own gas, as well as the gas from Turkmenistan.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Ukraine has been a key transit point for [[Russia in the European energy sector|EU imports of Russian gas]],<ref name=":1" /> and its pipeline system has been a crucial player in European energy supply, despite recent diversification of transit routes by Russian oil companies such as [[Gazprom]].<ref name=":0" /> Since the [[Russia–Ukraine gas disputes|2014 Russia–Ukraine gas disputes]], the latter's dependence on Russian gas supplies has dramatically affected its economics and foreign policy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Ukraine was independent in its electricity supply, and exported electricity to Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe. This was achieved through a wide use of nuclear power and hydroelectricity. Its energy strategy intended a gradual decreasing of gas- and oil-based generation in favour of nuclear power, as well as [[Energy conservation|energy saving]] measures including lower industrial gas consumption. Reform of the still inefficient and opaque energy sector was a major objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank programs with Ukraine.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Ukraine was a partner country of the European Union's [[INOGATE]] energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of [[Energy policy of the European Union|EU internal energy market]] principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest. INOGATE was discontinued in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inogate.org/|title=INOGATE|website=www.inogate.org}}</ref>

====Automotive industry====
{{see also|Automotive industry in Ukraine}}
[[File:LAZ-5208DL (Lviv - Kyiv).jpg|thumb|A LAZ-5208DL built by Lviv Bus Factory]]
[[File:LvivCityCenterJuly.JPG|thumb|A modern Electron T5L64 tram]]
Ukraine automobile manufacturers produces diesel locomotives, tractors, trucks, buses, trolleybuses, own-designed cars and trams. There are 12 automobile manufacturers in Ukraine, including [[ZAZ]], [[LuAZ]], [[Bogdan Corporation|Bogdan]], [[KrAZ]], [[Eurocar]], Electron, and [[Lviv Bus Factory|LAZ]].

ZAZ (Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant) is the main automobile-manufacturer of Ukraine, based in the south-eastern city of [[Zaporizhzhia]]. Passenger car manufacturing in Ukraine started in 1959. From 1960 to 1994, a total of 3,422,444 [[ZAZ Zaporozhets|Zaporozhets]] vehicles were manufactured in Zaporizhzhia and engines with air-cooling in Melitopol. In 2011–2012, the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant started serial full-scale production of two new models of vehicle, the [[Chery A13|ZAZ Forza]] (a re-badged Chinese Chery A13) and the [[Chevrolet Aveo|ZAZ Vida]] (a re-badged Daewoo Aveo).

The Bogdan Corporation is a leading Ukrainian automobile-manufacturing group, including several car- and bus-makers of Ukraine. [[Bogdan (bus model)|Bogdan]] buses (re-badged Isuzu models) are used as the primary small buses in most Ukrainian cities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-04 |title=Bogdan Corporation - Ukrainian National Automobile Manufacturer |url=https://bogdan.ua/en/main/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

LAZ used to be one of the major bus manufacturers in Ukraine. It manufactured city buses, coach buses, trolley buses, and special purpose buses. The company has been defunct since 2014.

The Lviv-based company Electrontrans is an enterprise of a full-scale production, specialising in design and production of modern urban electric transport – trams, trolleybuses, electric buses, units, and spare parts. In 2013 Electrotrans starts producing low-floor trams, the first Ukrainian 100% low-floor tramways.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zik.ua/ua/news/2013/05/24/410451 |title=Низькопідлоговий трамвай ось-ось завершать. У червні він уже може поїхати Львовом<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=4 February 2016 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016080929/http://zik.ua/ua/news/2013/05/24/410451 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Aircraft and aerospace industry====
[[File:Antonov An-225 Beltyukov-1.jpg|thumb|The Antonov An-225 ''Mriya'' was the largest aircraft in the world prior to its destruction in 2022.]]

Ukraine is one of nine countries with a full cycle of [[aerospace]] hardware engineering and production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aircraft and airspace industry of Ukraine (2007) |url=http://ukrexport.gov.ua/eng/economy/brief/ukr/203.html |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=ukrexport.gov.ua}}</ref> Besides the design and production of passenger and transportation aircraft, Ukraine has a network of aircraft repair enterprises, including companies involved in the recovery of military planes and [[helicopter]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2011 |title=Paper says Ukraine, Russia reducing rivalry over arms markets |url=https://proxy1.library.jhu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/paper-says-ukraine-russia-reducing-rivalry-over/docview/901200738 |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> In March 2007, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine created the state aircraft building concern Aviation of Ukraine (SACAU), which is governed by the [[Ministry of Industrial Policy (Ukraine)|Ministry of Industrial Policy]]. Production of [[Antonov An-148|An-148]] aircraft is now one of the most prospective projects for the Ukrainian plane manufacturing industry with 35 units manufactured since 2009 (together with Russian production).

The aircraft were engineered by the Antonov Scientific and Production Complex Design Office ([[Antonov]] ANTK). The largest single airplane in the world, [[Antonov An-225 Mriya]] was designed by Antonov ANTK and made in 1988. The gross production of light and ultra light planes in Ukraine does not exceed 200 units per annum. Production of [[hang-glider]]s and [[paraglider]]s of all designs makes nearly 1,000 units each year. Most of produced devices are exported. The main buyers of Ukrainian-made ultra-light aircraft are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, etc..

Since 2014, aerospace industry revenues have fallen by 80%.<ref name="guardian-20160309">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/09/ukraine-needs-russia-nicolai-petro |title=Why Ukraine needs Russia more than ever |author=Nicolai Petro |newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 March 2016 |access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> In June 2016, the Antonov Corporation merged with the state-owned military conglomerate Ukroboronprom, forming Ukrainian Aircraft Corporation within its structure. This merger was done to boost Antonov profits and the production rate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uatoday.tv/society/ukrainian-aircraft-corporation-set-up-on-the-basis-of-antonov-670283.html|title=Ukrainian Aircraft Corporation set up on the basis of Antonov|publisher=UA Today|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> In 2018, Antonov was working on two cargo planes: the [[Antonov An-178|An-178]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uatoday.tv/techandscience/newest-antonov-plane-presented-at-ukraine-avia-fest-748415.html|title=Antonov presented first production An-178 at Ukraine Avia Fest|publisher=UA Today|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> a cargo version of the [[An-158]], and the [[Antonov/Taqnia An-132|An-132]]D, a redesigned version of the [[Antonov An-32|An-32]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uatoday.tv/techandscience/ukraine-s-manufacturer-antonov-presents-new-cargo-aircraft-an-132-598834.html|title=Ukraine's manufacturer Antonov presents new cargo aircraft AN-132|publisher=UA Today|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> The An-132 was developed jointly with Saudi's Taqnia Aeronautics Company, featuring western avionics and engines. The roll out and first flight was due at the beginning of January 2017.

The space rocket industry in Ukraine has been managed by the [[State Space Agency of Ukraine]] since 1992. The agency included 30 enterprises, scientific research institutes, and design offices. [[KB Pivdenne|Pivdenne Design Bureau]] was in general responsible for creating the [[Zenit-3SL]] carrier rocket. In 2013, The National Space Agency of Ukraine was involved in cooperation with American [[Rockwell International|Rockwell Int.]], as well as the [[Sea Launch]] project.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ukrexport.gov.ua/eng/economy/ukr/203.html |title=Aircraft and airspace industry of Ukraine |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005003529/http://www.ukrexport.gov.ua/eng/economy/ukr/203.html |archive-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yuzhnoye SDO was the designer and manufacturer of the initial [[Multistage rocket|first stage core]] of the U.S. [[Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems|Orbital ATK]] [[Antares (rocket)|Antares]] rocket.<ref>{{cite news |title=none|work=Space News |first=Chris |last=Bergin |page=12 |date=25 February 2008}}</ref>


====Shipbuilding====
{{main|Shipbuilding in Ukraine}}
[[File:Minerva underway in Black Sea Krasnodarskiy Kray Sochi 8 October 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[MV Minerva]] − a passenger ship built in Ukraine]]
Ukraine is one of the 10 largest shipbuilding countries in Europe. There are 49 shipbuilding companies registered in Ukraine. They are able to build a wide range of vessel types: [[Motorboat|powerboats]], [[barge]]s, [[bulk carrier]]s (dry cargo ship), [[tanker (ship)|tankers]], liquefied gas carriers, etc.<ref name="shipbuilding">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mayger.ua/en/market-review/shipbuilding-in-ukraine-investments-and-government-support/|title=MAYGER Development & Consulting – Shipbuilding in Ukraine: Investments and Government Support|website=www.mayger.ua|date=31 July 2006 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=http://ukrexport.gov.ua/eng/economy/brief/ukr/201.html |title=Shipbuilding of Ukraine (2007) |access-date=28 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002925/http://ukrexport.gov.ua/eng/economy/brief/ukr/201.html |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The USSR's collapse put Ukraine's [[shipbuilding]] into a long-term decline. This lasted until 1999 and was mostly due to a minimum volume of state shipbuilding orders. Between 1992 and 2003, Ukraine's 11 [[shipyard]]s produced 237 navigation units for a total value of US$1.5&nbsp;billion. Production facilities are not working near full capacity, and customers are not always timely in paying for services. The shipbuilding industry grew between 2000 and 2006, in line with the wider Ukrainian economic expansion at the time.<ref name="shipbuilding"/><ref name="auto1"/>

State support and the opening of [[free economic zone]]s, foremost at enterprises based in [[Mykolaiv]] were a crucial recent development in Ukraine's shipbuilding industry. Within the Mykolaiv Special Economic Zone, enterprises like [[Okean Shipyard|Damen Shipyards Okean]], [[Black Sea Shipyard|Chornomorskyi (Black Sea) Shipbuilding Plant]] (defunct since 2021), [[Mykolayiv Shipyard|61 Communards Shipbuilding Plant]], as well as the Veselka (Rainbow) paint and insulation enterprise are implementing investment projects targeted to raise efficiency and quality in primarily export-oriented vessels through production upgrades. The new engineering developments and high potential of Ukrainian designers provide the ability to build high quality vessels with competitive prices.<ref name="shipbuilding"/><ref name="auto1"/>

===Agriculture===
[[File:T 150 K front.JPG|thumb|A Ukrainian T-150K tractor built by the [[Kharkiv Tractor Plant]]]]

[[File:Typical agricultural landscape of Kherson Oblast.jpg|thumb|[[Flag of Ukraine|Ukraine's flag]] resembles the nation's farmlands.]]

[[File:Мала Гора поблизу Берегова - виноградний рай.jpg|thumb|Vineyards in [[Zakarpattia Oblast]]]]

Although typically known as the industrial base of the Soviet Union, agriculture is a large part of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine is one of the world's largest agricultural producers and exporters and is known as the "breadbasket" of Europe.<ref name="rferl.org">{{Cite news|title=Ukraine Allows Farmland Sales For First Time Since Independence|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-agriculture-farmland-economy-/31336984.html|access-date=2 July 2021|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=2 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2008, agriculture accounted for 8.29% of Ukraine's GDP and by 2012 had grown to 10.43% of the GDP. Agriculture accounted for $13.98 billion of value added to the economy of Ukraine in 2012. Despite being a top 10 world producer of several crops such as wheat and corn Ukraine still only ranks 24 out of 112 nations measured in terms of overall agricultural production.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Agriculture/All-stats|publisher=Nation Master|title=Ukraine Agriculture Stats|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108144144/http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Agriculture/All-stats|archive-date=8 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=corn|publisher=Index Mundi|title=Corn Production by Country in 1000 MT}}</ref>

In 2011, Ukraine was the world's largest producer of [[sunflower oil]],<ref name="UkrInform">{{cite web|url=http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-bsg/german-expert-sunflower-oil-grows-in-price-in-ukraine-due-to-its-low-world-reserves|title=German expert: Sunflower oil grows in price in Ukraine due to its low world reserves|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025406/http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-bsg/german-expert-sunflower-oil-grows-in-price-in-ukraine-due-to-its-low-world-reserves |archive-date=23 July 2011|publisher=UkrAgroConsult – BlackSeaGrain}}</ref> a major global producer of grain and sugar, and a potential global player on meat and dairy markets. It was one of the largest producers of nuts. Ukraine produced more natural [[honey]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org}}</ref> than any other European country and was one of the world's largest honey producers. An estimated 1.5% of its population was involved in honey production, therefore Ukraine had the highest honey per capita production rate in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/economy-business/?id=3326|publisher=WNU|title=Ukraine Produces World's Greatest Amount of Honey Per Capita|date=August 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064636/http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/economy-business/?id=3326|archive-date=18 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Because Ukraine possesses 30% of the world's richest [[Chernozem|black soil]], making its agricultural industry have huge potential.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Ukraine's agricultural industry was highly profitable, generating profit margins of 40–60%.<ref name="UkrAgroConsult" /> Analysts indicated that the sector had the potential to increase its output by up to four times.<ref name="Kra">{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |date=31 August 2008 |title=Russia's Collective Farms – Hot Capitalist Property |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/31/business/worldbusiness/31food.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 December 2023 |work=[[New York Times]] |page=}}</ref> Ukraine was the world's 6th largest, 5th if not including the EU as a separate state, producer of corn in the world and the 3rd largest corn exporter in the world. In 2012, Ukraine signed a contract with China, the world's largest importer of corn, to supply China with 3 million tonnes of corn annually at market price. The deal included a $3 billion line of credit extension from China to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/79bc2174-0276-11e2-8cf8-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/79bc2174-0276-11e2-8cf8-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|newspaper=Financial Times|title=Ukraine agrees $3bn loan-for-corn deal|date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-06/china-rejecting-u-s-corn-as-first-shipment-from-ukraine-arrives.html|publisher=Bloomberg|title=China Rejecting U.S. Corn as First Shipment From Ukraine Arrives|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=6 January 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, Ukraine's total grain crop was estimated to be a record 64 million metric tons. In 2014, Ukraine lost control over portions of several regions to Russia, followed by the start of [[Russo-Ukrainian War|the war]] in Donbas and the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]],{{#tag:ref|[[Crimea]] is currently [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|under dispute by Russia and Ukraine]].<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|last=Gutterman |first=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318 |title=Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions |date=18 March 2014 |agency=Reuters.com |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref>|group=nb}} hence the actual available crop yield was closer to 60.5 million metric tons. Due to the decline of the metallurgy industry, which was previously Ukraine's top export category, agricultural products have become Ukraine's largest export category as a result of the war in Donbas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agriculture.com/markets/analysis/corn/ukraine-grain-expts-to-rise_9-ar45735|publisher=Agriculture.com|title=Ukraine Grain Exports To Rise|date=21 October 2014|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225052420/https://www.agriculture.com/markets/analysis/corn/ukraine-grain-expts-to-rise_9-ar45735|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since at least 2011, farmland was remaining as the only major asset in Ukraine that was not [[Privatization|privatised]].<ref name="UkrAgroConsult">{{cite web|url=http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-temp/vessels-loaded-with-grain-began-leaving-ukrainian-ports-1|title=Ukraine: Land market, formation, development trends – Farmland now remains almost the only big asset that is not actually privatized yet|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225200726/http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-temp/vessels-loaded-with-grain-began-leaving-ukrainian-ports-1 |archive-date=25 February 2011|publisher=[[Black Sea Grain]]}}</ref> In March 2020, the Ukrainian parliament lifted a ban on the sale of farmland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-imf/imf-praises-ukraines-decisions-on-land-reform-banking-law-idUSKBN21M07Y|title=IMF praises Ukraine's decisions on land reform, banking law|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/imf-finally-confirms-new-5-billion-program-for-ukraine/|title=IMF finally confirms new $5 billion program for Ukraine|author=Anders Åslund|author-link=Anders Åslund|publisher=[[Atlantic Council]]|date=10 June 2020}}</ref> The land market was fully opened for the first time independence on 1 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-lawmakers-sack-finance-health-ministers-fail-to-approve-replacements/30517755.html|title=Ukraine Lawmakers Approve Key Legislation With Eye On IMF Funds|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]]|date=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl.org"/>

[[File:Agricultural_output_Ukraine.svg|thumb|Agricultural output of Ukraine since 1961, in 2015 US$]]

Ukraine also produces some [[Ukrainian wine|wine]], mostly in the South-Western regions.
{{clear left}}
In 2018:
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[maize]] ({{convert|35.8|e6MT|abbr=off}}), after the U.S., China, Brazil, and Argentina;
* It was the 8th largest world producer of [[wheat]] ({{convert|24.6|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[potato]]es ({{convert|22.5|e6MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and India;
* It was the world's largest producer of [[sunflower seed]] ({{convert|14.1|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[sugar beet]]s ({{convert|13.9|e6MT|abbr=off}}), which is used to produce sugar and [[ethanol]];
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[barley]] ({{convert|7.3|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[rapeseed]] ({{convert|2.7|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 13th largest world producer of [[tomato]]es ({{convert|2.3|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[cabbage]] ({{convert|1.6|e6MT|abbr=off}}), after China, India, South Korea, and Russia;
* It was the 11th largest world producer of [[apple]]s ({{convert|1.4|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[pumpkin]]s ({{convert|1.3|e6MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and India;
* It was the 6th largest world producer of [[cucumber]]s ({{convert|985|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[carrot]]s ({{convert|841|e3MT|abbr=off}}), after China, Uzbekistan, the U.S., and Russia;
* It was the 4th largest world producer of [[Pea|dry peas]] ({{convert|775|e3MT|abbr=off}}), second only to Canada, Russia, and China;
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[rye]] ({{convert|393|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[buckwheat]] ({{convert|137|e3MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and Russia;
* It was the 6th largest world producer of [[walnut]]s ({{convert|127|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It produced {{convert|4.4|e6MT|abbr=off}} of [[Soybean|soy]];
* It produced {{convert|883|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[onion]]s;
* It produced {{convert|467|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[grape]]s;
* It produced {{convert|418|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[oat]]s;
* It produced {{convert|396|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[watermelon]]s;
* It produced {{convert|300|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[cherry|cherries]];

in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org}}</ref>

Professionalised, scientific [[barley breeding|breeding of barley]] began in 1910 and now supplies improved [[barley cultivar|cultivars]] to the country.<ref name="Bothmer-et-al-2003">{{cite book | editor1-last=Bothmer | editor1-first=Roland von | editor2-first=Theo | editor2-last=van Hintum | editor3-first=Helmut | editor3-last=Knüpffer | editor4-first=Katuhiro | editor4-last=Sato | title=Diversity in Barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | date=2003 | publication-place=[[Amsterdam]] | isbn=978-0-444-50585-9 | oclc=162130976 | pages=XIX+280}}</ref>{{rp|page=34}}

===Information technology===
[[File:UnitFactory2.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian National IT Factory in Kyiv]]

Ukraine has a long-standing reputation as a major technology region, with a well-developed scientific and educational base. In March 2013, Ukraine ranked 4th in the world in number of certified IT professionals after the United States, India, and Russia.<ref name=ITUkrM2013>{{cite web|language=uk|url=http://www.unian.ua/news/562063-ukrajina-chetverta-v-sviti-za-kilkistyu-it-fahivtsiv.html|script-title=uk:Україна – четверта в світі за кількістю ІТ-фахівців|trans-title=Ukraine in fourth place in the world in the number of IT professionals|publisher=[[UNIAN]]|date=27 March 2013}}</ref> On top of that, experts recognised both the quantitative and qualitative potential of Ukrainian specialists. In 2011, the number of IT specialists working in the industry reached 25,000 people with 20% growth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hi-tech.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Exploring-Ukraine-IT-Outsourcing-Industry-20121.pdf|title=Exploring Ukraine|website=hi-tech.org|date=August 2012}}</ref> The volume of the Ukrainian IT market in 2013 was estimated to be up to 3.6 billion U.S. dollars.<ref name=ITUkrM2013/><ref>{{cite web|language=uk|url=http://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2013/03/27/368078/|script-title=uk:Обсяг українського ІТ-ринку може скласти 3,6 мільярда – звіт|trans-title=The volume of the Ukrainian IT market may amount to 3.6 billion - report|publisher=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]|date=27 March 2013 |work=Економічна правда }}</ref>

In 2017, Ukraine emerged as the top outsourcing destination of the year, according to the [[Global Sourcing Association]]. By 2017, there were 13 research and development centres of global companies located in Ukraine, including [[Ericsson]] Ukraine, in [[Lviv]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bunews.com.ua/opinion/item/it-industry-why-ukraine-is-fast-becoming-a-leading-global-tech-powerhouse|title=IT INDUSTRY: Why Ukraine is fast becoming a leading global tech powerhouse|website=bunews.com.ua|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125160315/http://bunews.com.ua/opinion/item/it-industry-why-ukraine-is-fast-becoming-a-leading-global-tech-powerhouse|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://open4business.com.ua/share-of-it-industry-of-ukrainian-economy-is-4-of-gdp-economy-minister/|title=SHARE OF IT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMY IS 4% OF GDP – ECONOMY MINISTER|date=13 February 2019|website=Ukraine open for business|language=en-US|access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>

As for 2019, the number of IT specialists involved in the IT industry of Ukraine reached 172,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://8allocate.com/article/ukraine-as-a-bright-spot-on-central-and-eastern-europe-software-development-scene/|title=Ukraine As a Bright Spot on Central and Eastern Europe Software Development Scene|date=14 February 2019|website=8allocate|language=en-US|access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> The share of IT industry in Ukraine's GDP is 4%.<ref name="auto"/>

According to the IT sector report of 2019, Ukraine is the largest exporter of [[Outsourcing|IT services]] in Europe, and ranks among the 25 most attractive countries for [[software development]] worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ain.ua/en/2019/01/30/unit-city-report-on-the-it-sector-of-ukraine/|title=UNIT.City presented a report on the IT sector of Ukraine: main figures and indicators|date=30 January 2019|website=AIN.UA|language=en-US|access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
{{Further|Transport in Ukraine}}

====Maritime====
[[File:EKr1-002.jpg|thumb|An EKr-1 multiple unit built by [[Kryukiv Railway Car Building Works|Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works]]. Rail transport [[Ukrainian Railways|is heavily used in Ukraine]]]]
About 100,000 Ukrainians regularly work on foreign merchant ships, one of the largest group of Ukrainian [[Migrant worker|labour migrants]] and the sixth largest number of sailors from any country.<ref name=Seas>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/123079/|title=High Seas Danger|publisher=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=24 February 2012}}</ref> They are attracted by the high salaries of more than $1,000 per month.<ref name=Seas/>

Every major Ukrainian coastal city has a [[List of maritime colleges#Ukraine|maritime university]].<ref name=Seas/>

====Communications====
{{Main|Telecommunications in Ukraine|Internet in Ukraine}}
Ukraine ranks eighth among the world's nations in terms of the Internet speed with the average download speed of 1,190&nbsp;kbit/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pandonetworks.com//company/news/pando-networks-releases-global-internet-speed-study|title=Pando Networks Releases Global Internet Speed Study|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416182754/http://www.pandonetworks.com/company/news/pando-networks-releases-global-internet-speed-study |archive-date=16 April 2013 }}</ref> Five national providers of fixed (DSL, ADSL, XDSL) internet access — [[Ukrtelecom]], Vega Telecom, Datagroup, Ukrnet, Volia, and 3 national operators of mobile internet – [[Vodafone Ukraine]], [[Kyivstar]], [[lifecell]] are currently operating in Ukraine. Every regional centre and large district centre has a number of local providers and [[home network]]s.

2011 revenues from Internet service providing in Ukraine reached ₴4.75 billion.<ref name=UkPravInt15312>{{cite web|language=uk|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2012/03/15/6960641/|script-title=uk:Більше половини українців не користуються інтернетом|trans-title=More than half of Ukrainians do not use the Internet|publisher=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]|date=29 July 2012}}</ref>

Over 16 million Ukrainians had Internet access in 2012, growing to 22 million in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx|title=DataBank |publisher=The World Bank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://racurs.ua/ua/n4526-polovyna-naselennya-ukrayiny-maie-dostup-v-internet.html|script-title=uk:Половина населення України має доступ в інтернет|trans-title=Half of the population of Ukraine has access to the Internet|website=racurs.ua|language=uk}}</ref> In Kyiv, 90% of the population had internet access.

The mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market which has reached 144 mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS.P2?locations=UA&view=chart|publisher=The World Bank|access-date=19 May 2017}}</ref>

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Ukraine}}

[[File:Лвов Галиција.jpg|thumbnail|Rynok square, [[Lviv]]]]

In 2012, Ukraine was the 8th most popular tourism destination in Europe with 23 million visitors.<ref name=ukrstat>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/tyr/tyr_u/potoki2006_u.htm|script-title=uk:Туристичні потоки|trans-title=Tourist flows|language=uk|publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine}}</ref> The country's tourism industry is generally considered to be underdeveloped, but it does provide crucial support for Ukraine's economy. In 2012, the contribution of tourism to the GDP amounted to ₴28.8 billion, or 2.2% of GDP and directly supported 351,500 jobs (1.7% of total employment).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.info-kmu.com.ua/2013-10-01-000000pm/article/4584677.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206183337/http://en.info-kmu.com.ua/2013-10-01-000000pm/article/4584677.html|url-status=dead|title=Tourism 2012|archivedate=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/ukraine2012.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530195708/http://wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/ukraine2012.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Travel & Tourism in Ukraine|archivedate=30 May 2012}}</ref>

====Shopping tourism====
Ukraine's neighbours ([[Belarusians]], [[Hungarians]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Russians]], and [[Slovaks]]) are known to come to Ukraine to purchase products (such as food or gasoline) and presents that are cheaper in Ukraine than in their home countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=107666|title=Shopping tours gaining pace in Ukraine|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220222258/http://nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=107666 |archive-date=20 February 2011|publisher=[[Radio Ukraine]]|date=23 December 2009}}</ref>

====Recreational tourism and sightseeing====
Ukraine has impressive landscapes, ruins of ancient castles, historical parks, vineyards where they produce native wines, unique structures such as [[Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv|Saint Sophia Cathedral]] or [[Chersonesus|Chersonesos]]. Officially, there are seven [[List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine|World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]]. The Carpathian Mountains suitable for skiing, hiking, fishing and hunting. [[Bukovel]] — is the largest ski resort in Ukraine situated in the [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] (province) of western Ukraine. The 2010–2011 winter season recorded 1,200,000-day visits with foreigners amounting to 8–10% of all visitors. In 2012, the Bukovel was named the fastest growing ski resort worldwide. The coastline on the Black Sea is a popular summer destination for vacationers, especially [[Odesa]].

===Financing, banking, investments===
{{See also|Banking in Ukraine|List of banks in Ukraine|The World Bank in Ukraine}}

[[File:National Bank of Ukraine new.jpg|thumb|[[National Bank of Ukraine]]]]

====Investments====
{{update|section|date=December 2013}}
A political crisis in the middle of 2006 was feared as a threat to economic and investment stability, however, despite the forecasts, the political situation has not scared investors. The GDP showed a good growth rate of 7% in 2007, compared to the previous year. Industrial output has increased. Car sales have soared, while the banking sector has expanded, thanks to the arrival of European banks.

====International financial institutions====
{{main|Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund|Ukraine and the World Bank}}
In 1992, Ukraine became a member of the IMF and the World Bank.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ukraine: The Search for a National Identity|last=Wolchik|first=Sharon|author-link=Sharon Wolchik|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|date=2000|isbn=0847693465|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Pecsk6RC4YC&dq=IMF+Ukraine+1992&pg=PA55|page=55}}</ref> It is also a member of the [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]].

In 2008, the country joined the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO). Ukraine applied for WTO membership in 1993, but its accession process was stalled for 15 years.

====Foreign direct investment====
To encourage foreign trade and investment, the Ukrainian parliament approved a [[foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] law allowing foreigners to purchase businesses and property, to repatriate revenue and profits, and to receive compensation if the property is nationalised by a future government. Complex laws and regulations, poor [[corporate governance]], weak enforcement of contract law by courts, and corruption, continued to prevent direct large-scale foreign investment in Ukraine. There is a functioning [[stock market]], but portfolio investment activities have been restricted by a historic lack of protection of shareholders' rights.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

As of April 2011, total foreign direct investment stock in Ukraine stood at $44.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/zd/zd_rik/zd_u/pi_07u.html|script-title=uk:Прямі інвестиції|trans-title=Direct investment|language=uk|website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua}}</ref> Statistics from [[FDi Intelligence|FDi Magazine]] show that Ukraine suffered a year on year decline in foreign direct investment between 2010 and 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Trend-Tracker/Ukraine-suffers-year-on-year-FDI-decline | work=fDiIntelligence.com | title=Ukraine suffers year-on-year FDI decline|date=13 August 2013}}</ref>

State enterprise [[InvestUkraine]] was created<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zakon.nau.ua/doc/?uid=1041.36214.0|script-title=uk:Про утворення державного підприємства "Інвест Україна"|trans-title=About the formation of the state enterprise "Invest Ukraine"|language=uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006023544/http://zakon.nau.ua/doc/?uid=1041.36214.0|archive-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> under the [[State Agency for Investment and National Projects]] (''National Projects'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=570-2010-%EF|script-title = uk:Всі документи бази даних "Законодавство України" (станом на 22 травня 2021 р.) / Законодавство України|trans-title=All documents of the "Legislation of Ukraine" database (as of May 22, 2021) / Legislation of Ukraine|language=uk | work=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України }}</ref> to serve as a [[One-stop shop|one-stop stop]] for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.

Ukraine signed a [[shale gas]] [[Natural gas in Ukraine|exploration deal]] with [[Shell plc|Royal Dutch Shell]] on 25 January 2013.<ref name=SGBigdealUS/> The $10 billion deal was the largest foreign direct investment ever for Ukraine.<ref name=SGBigdealUS>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shale-ukraine-idUSBRE90N0N620130124|title=Ukraine set to sign landmark $10 billion shale gas deal with Shell|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=24 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/01/25/shell-for-shale-ukraine-signs-major-deal/|title=Shell for shale: Ukraine signs major deal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028005601/https://www.euronews.com/2013/01/25/shell-for-shale-ukraine-signs-major-deal |archive-date=28 October 2020|publisher=[[Euronews]]|date=25 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/shale-ukraine-idUSL6N0ATER320130124|title=UPDATE 1-Ukraine signs landmark $10 bln shale gas deal with Shell|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=24 January 2013}}</ref>

Many companies, owned by foreigners, have been successfully operating in Ukraine since its independence. These include companies in agriculture, such as [[Kyiv-Atlantic Group]], founded in 1994 by David Sweere. He sold its business in Minnesota and invested in Ukraine, believing in its huge potential. The company has been operating at a profit since 2002. As a result, he became the fifth richest among the Westerners who made their fortune in Ukraine.<ref name="KyiMost">{{cite news |title=Most Successful Expats |url=http://www.kyivpost.com//data/files/01.jpg/ |access-date=4 August 2013 |work=[[Kyiv Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627224211/http://www.kyivpost.com//data/files/01.jpg |archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref>

In 2016, foreign direct investment in Ukraine's economy amounted to $3.8&nbsp;billion in 2016, which was almost twice more than in 2015.<ref name="USNon">{{cite web |title=Foreign investment in Ukraine in 2016 estimated at $3.8 bln Foreign investment in Ukraine in 2016 estimated at $3.8 bln |url=http://www.usndt.com.ua/industry.htm |publisher=Ukrainian Society for Non-Destructive Testing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231025730/http://www.usndt.com.ua/industry.htm |archive-date=31 December 2010 |date=23 January 2017}}</ref>

====Monetary policy and banking====
{{empty section|date=January 2016}}

====Stock exchanges====
{{see also|Stock exchanges in Ukraine}}

====Insurance business and companies====
{{empty section|date=January 2016}}