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===Artifacts=== Perforated antler objects discovered at Derievka (mistakenly, Dereivka) and other sites contemporary with Suvorovo have been identified as cheekpieces or ''psalia'' for horse [[bit (horse)|bits]].<ref name="Kuzmina2003" /><!--did this one have a full cite somewhere? Let's use the "ref name" tag for these multiple refs, more consistent with wikipedia citation form--> This identification is no longer widely accepted, as the objects in question have not been found associated with horse bones, and could have had a variety of other functions.<ref name="Dietz1992">{{cite journal | last = Dietz | first = Ute Luise | year = 1992 | title = Zur Frage vorbronzezeitlicher Trensenbelege in Europa | journal = Germania | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–36 }}</ref> However, through studies of microscopic wear, it has been established that many of the bone tools at Botai were used to smooth rawhide thongs, and rawhide thongs might have been used to manufacture of rawhide cords and ropes, useful for [[horse tack]].<ref name="Olsen2003" /> Similar bone thong-smoothers are known from many other steppe settlements, but it cannot be known how the thongs were used. The oldest artifacts clearly identified as horse tack—bits, [[bridle]]s, cheekpieces, or any other kind of horse gear—are the antler disk-shaped cheekpieces associated with the invention of the chariot, at the [[Sintashta-Petrovka]] sites.
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