Editing Dili (section)

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Dili OSM.png|thumb|The urban area of Dili proper in 2020, with [[Tibar]] to the west. The large [[Comoro River]] is crossed by just two vehicle bridges.]]

Up to 70% of the country's infrastructure was destroyed in 1999, including almost the entire electrical grid, and much of the water infrastructure.<ref name="WSP2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/WSP-Timor-Leste-WSS-Turning-Finance-into-Service-for-the-Future.pdf |title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Timor-Leste |publisher=Water and Sanitation Program |date=April 2015 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711141146/https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/WSP-Timor-Leste-WSS-Turning-Finance-into-Service-for-the-Future.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|4}} Dili's airport and port were rehabilitated in the six years following this, along with electricity and telecommunications.<ref name="MOF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A_Joint_Ministry_of_Finance_and_World_Bank_Report_on_Timor-Leste_Public_Expenditure_Review_Infrastructure.pdf |title=Timor-Leste Public Expenditure Review: Infrastructure |publisher=Ministry of Finance |date=March 2015 |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181401/https://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A_Joint_Ministry_of_Finance_and_World_Bank_Report_on_Timor-Leste_Public_Expenditure_Review_Infrastructure.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|6}} The rapid population growth of the city has put a strain on some of its infrastructure services.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|1–1}} Pre-independence laws prohibiting building within {{convert|100|m|ft}} of water bodies are not enforced, with population growth leading to structures such as housing being built in flood-prone areas, including along dry river beds and canals.<ref name="Rubrico2022"/>

===Utilities===

====Electricity====

In the early years of UN rule, electricity was provided by the Comoro power station, which has a 16 MW diesel generator. By 2004, there were 23,000 connections in the city creating a demand of 12.5 MW. At the time, Dili was the only location in Timor-Leste with 24-hour electricity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29761/power-sector-plan-timor-leste.pdf |title=Power Sector Development Plan For Timor-Leste |publisher=Asian Development Bank |date=September 2004 |access-date=30 June 2021 |pages=3, 9–10 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806131750/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29761/power-sector-plan-timor-leste.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="JICA2011"/>{{rp|x}}<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|87}} Electricity demand peaked from 19:00 to 22:00.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A_Joint_Ministry_of_Finance_and_World_Bank_Report_on_Timor-Leste_Public_Expenditure_Review_Infrastructure.pdf |title=Comoro Power Station Environmental Management Plan |publisher=Electricidade de Timor-Leste |date=18 June 2004 |access-date=30 June 2021 |page=4 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181401/https://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/A_Joint_Ministry_of_Finance_and_World_Bank_Report_on_Timor-Leste_Public_Expenditure_Review_Infrastructure.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2009, Comoro was producing 32 MW,<ref name="MOF2015"/>{{rp|153}} and by the year after that 92.3% of Dili's households used electricity for lighting purposes.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|2–17}} Cooking remained carried out using firewood by 66.2% of households, with electricity being used by just 10.1%.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|2–18}} Non-payment of electricity bills has caused some funding problems. In 2011, only 40% of commercial recipients of electricity paid their electricity bills.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|87}}

In November 2011, the diesel generators at the new Hera Power Station became operational, producing 119 MW.<ref name="MOF2015"/>{{rp|145–146}} This replaced the operations of the Comoro station, with Hera able to produce electricity using 17% less fuel.<ref name="MOF2015"/>{{rp|153}} A new substation was created to supply Dili,<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-12}} and transmission lines link Dili to other cities and towns along the northern coast,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfdl.com/resources/news/the-future-of-hydropower-development-in-timor-leste/ |title=The future of hydropower development in Timor Leste |publisher=DFDL |date=6 May 2015 |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182252/https://www.dfdl.com/resources/news/the-future-of-hydropower-development-in-timor-leste/ |url-status=live }}</ref> part of a ring surrounding the country.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–39}} As of 2016, Dili's peak power demand reached 42.11 MW.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-12}} The development of electricity infrastructure since independence has significantly reduced electricity costs, which moved from 249c per [[kilowatt-hour]] in 2002 to 5c per kilowatt-hour in 2014.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-13}}

====Telecommunications====

[[Telecommunications]] activity in the country is primarily carried out using mobile phones, with most of the country's 3000 [[landline]]s found in Dili and used mainly for government and business. There are no [[submarine communications cable]]s connecting to the country, so internet access is supplied via satellites. This is expensive, and internet usage nationally was only just above 1% in 2016.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-13}} The government has approved the installation of the Timor-Leste South submarine Cable (TLSSC), connecting to Darwin in Australia,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2020/11/04/timor-leste-sumbmarine-fiber-optics-cable-approved/ |title=Timor-Leste Sumbmarine Fiber-Optics Cable approved |last=Freitas |first=Domingos Piedade |work=Tatoli |date=4 November 2020 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711132141/http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2020/11/04/timor-leste-sumbmarine-fiber-optics-cable-approved/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UNESCAP2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Timor%20Leste%2C%20item%203.pdf |title=Bridging the digital divide for inclusive broadband access Timor-Leste |publisher=UNESCAP |date=August 2020 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806132130/https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Timor%20Leste%2C%20item%203.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as another cable connecting to the Indonesian island of [[Alor Island|Alor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=19677&n=1&lang=en |title=Government signs letter of intent for the installation of submarine fiber optic cable |publisher=Government of Timor-Leste |date=19 March 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711132347/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=19677&n=1&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2020, there were 3 telecommunications companies in the country: Telemor, [[Telkomcel]], and [[Timor Telecom]].<ref name="UNESCAP2020"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.tatoli.tl/2023/09/13/three-telecommunication-operators-in-tl-attend-2023-batic-conference/01/ |title=Three Telecommunication Operators in TL attend 2023 BATIC conference |author=José Belarmino De Sá |work=Tatoli |date=13 September 2023 |access-date=24 July 2024}}</ref>

====Water and sanitation====
[[File:2020-05-05 Kanal in Aimutin.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Very shallow water flowing through a concrete channel flanked by banana trees|A canal in western Dili]]
Access to clean water and sanitation is an issue for some households.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|84–85}} Over $250&nbsp;million was invested by the UN and other organisations to build Dili's water infrastructure. Existing water sources and transportation infrastructure are considered sufficient to meet the immediate needs of the city, although work continues to improve quality and reliability.<ref name="Vitor2015"/>{{rp|109}} In 2007, 25% of residents received 24 hours of water.<ref name="ADB2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/38189/38189-022-pcr-en.pdf |title=Timor-Leste: Dili Urban Water Supply Sector Project |publisher=Asian Development Bank |date=September 2018 |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713150043/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/38189/38189-022-pcr-en.pdf |url-status=live }}<!--from https://www.adb.org/projects/38189-022/main--></ref>{{rp|1}} As of 2013, while 36% of households were connected to the water supply system, half Dili received less than six hours of water a day.<ref name="ADB2013water">{{Cite web |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/82547/45227-001-tacr.pdf |title=Timor-Leste: Strengthening Water Sector Management and Service Delivery, Dili Water Supply System PPP Technical Analysis |last1=Costin |first1=Graham |last2=Dewhirst |first2=Rob |publisher=Asian Development Bank |date=March 2013 |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183419/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/82547/45227-001-tacr.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|5}} Furthermore, water quality was irregular, with boiling advised.<ref name="ADB2013water"/>{{rp|16}} By 2015, it remained the case that less than 30% of those in Dili had access to a continuous water supply.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|56}} In 2018, water remained available on average from 4 to 8 hours.<ref name="ADB2018"/>{{rp|16}}

Water is managed by the [[National Directorate of Water and Sanitation Services]] (Dirasaun Nasional Sistema Agua no Saneamentu/DNSAS), which derives 60% of water supplies from groundwater. This groundwater extraction began in the 1980s, and accelerated after independence. Private entities also pump water from the [[aquifer]] without regulation.<ref name="Pinto2016"/>{{rp|264, 272–274, 277}} Despite the inconsistency of supply, 91% of those in urban areas have some access to safe drinking water,<ref name="McWilliam2015"/>{{rp|226}} with sources including pumps, public taps, and wells and [[borehole]]s.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|2–17}} Some households have tanks installed to alleviate the impact of service interruptions.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–10}} Half of the city's water comes from a local aquifer, and there are four [[water treatment plant]]s at the southern edges of the city.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–9, 5–10}} [[Water tariff]]s were put in place in 2004, but were removed in 2006 following the [[2006 East Timorese crisis]].<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|14}} By 2010 {{convert|27.821|m3}} of water was pumped from the aquifer each day, almost as fast as the aquifer could refill.<ref name="Pinto2016"/>{{rp|274}} Trials for water tariff re-introduction began in 2013.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|16}} Increasing usage has led to the aquifer, the Dili Groundwater Basin, being unable to match demand during the dry season. An increasing number of wells has increased demand, while development altering drainage patterns has limited recharge rates. The aquifer is constrained by the ocean on one side and mountains on the others. Downstream areas also face saltwater intrusion.<ref name="Pinto2016">{{cite book |last1=Pinto |first1=Domingos |last2=Shrestha |first2=Sangam |editor1-last=Shrestha |editor1-first=Sangam |editor2-last=Pandey |editor2-first=Vishnu Prasad |editor3-last=Thatikonda |editor3-first=Shashidhar |editor4-last=Shivakoti |editor4-first=Binaya Raj |title=Groundwater Environment in Asian Cities: Concepts, Methods and Case Studies |date=11 February 2016 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=9780128031674 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aV6dBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263 |chapter=Groundwater Environment in Dili, Timor-Leste |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327140849/https://books.google.com/books?id=aV6dBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263 |url-status=live }}<!--Do not use for early history, copied from Wikipedia--></ref>{{rp|263–264}}

Dili is the location of the country's water testing laboratory, and thus its water quality is regularly monitored.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|28, 55}} The lack of manufacturing in the city is thought to have limited potential water pollution. However, pollution risks emerge from the common discharge of untreated household water,<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|2–19}} and leakage from latrine pits into the soil<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|41}} and relatively high water table.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|43}} Water stores in households, as well as from some wells, has been found to have bacteriological contamination.<ref name="Pinto2016"/>{{rp|282}} As of 2010, only 16% of households emptied their latrine pits.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|41}} Hera and Tibar lack water treatment plants, with residents relying on boreholes and delivery by water trucks.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–10, 5–11}} As of 2010, daily demand was 32,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> in Dili proper, 520&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> in Hera, and 220&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> in Tibar.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–11}}

[[File:2020-10-11 Culuhun B - Estrada de Culuhun.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=Disconnected blue water pipe discharging water at around head height|A water pipe in the east of the city]]
Drainage infrastructure is insufficient to handle the wet season, with drains often being blocked and resultant flooding being common.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|72}} This creates property damage and health concerns.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|84–85}} Thirty-six water channels lie within the city in addition to its rivers. These often collect rainwater; however, the growing urbanisation of the city is reducing [[Infiltration (hydrology)|infiltration]] capacity, worsening flood risks.<ref>{{Citation |first1=Octávio |last1=Almeida |first2=J Piedade |last2=Brás |first3=G |last3=Da Cruz |contribution=The Geography of Dili and the Flood Control Problems |contribution-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298787277_THE_GEOGRAPHY_OF_DILI_AND_THE_FLOOD_CONTROL_PROBLEMS |series=The 2nd Makassar International Conference on Civil Engineering |date=August 2015 |page=1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 April 2022 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412142537/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298787277_THE_GEOGRAPHY_OF_DILI_AND_THE_FLOOD_CONTROL_PROBLEMS |url-status=live }}</ref> There is no city-wide sewerage system.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-4}}<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|5}} As of 2010, only 30.3% of households had access to a sceptic tank. The most common sewage disposal system was pit latrines, which were used by 50.7% of households.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|2–18}} Among households with toilets, 97% were flushed through the manual pouring of water.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|41}} Wastewater is often collected from some areas by trucks.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|5–18}} Some wastewater is treated in ponds in Tasitolu.<ref name="Ximenes">{{cite web |url=https://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/RT2_06_Timor_Leste.pdf |title=Waste Management in Timor-Leste |last=Ximenes |first=Carlos |publisher=Ministry of Economy and Development |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711131540/https://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/RT2_06_Timor_Leste.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Dili also has one of the country's two [[Fecal sludge management|septage treatment facilities]].<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|19}} A Sanitation and Drainage Masterplan was created for the city in 2012, envisioning the creation of eight wastewater treatment systems in the city by 2025.<ref name="WSP2015"/>{{rp|15}}

As of 2014, Dili produces 108 tons of [[solid waste]] per day, over half of which is [[Biodegradation|biodegradable]]. The government-funded waste collection system covers Cristo Rei, Dom Aleixo, Nain Feto, and Vera Cruz, with waste being collected by a mixture of government trucks and private trucks contracted by the government. Collected waste is disposed in a landfill in Tibar,<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-11, 5–28, 5–29}} which was established during the Indonesian period.<ref name="Ximenes"/> Metal collected by [[waste picker]]s is sold to Malaysia and Singapore for recycling, while some biodegradable waste is composted by a private company. Some waste is [[Incineration|burnt]].<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-11, 5–28, 5–29}} Waste collection schedules are variable, with some areas receiving daily collection and some receiving none. Collection is less frequent in Hera and Tibar than in Dili proper.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|3–21}}

There are 14 hospitals around the Dili metropolitan area, nine in Dom Aleixo, three in Vera Cruz, one in Cristo Rei (in Hera), and one in Tibar. Dom Aleixo also has two health centres, with Cristo Rei having one health centre in Dili proper, and Nain Feto also having a health centre.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|3–18, 3–19}} The National Hospital of Timor-Leste is located in Dili, catering to [[Primary health care|primary]] and secondary [[health care]]. A specialist hospital is planned to be constructed by 2030 to deal with diseases, such as cancer, that are currently treated outside of the country.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|38}}

===Transport===

====Land====
[[File:Dili-TL A3 District Map 110813-001.png|thumb|2013 road map of Dili Municipality, with the old city of Dili in the top-right inset]]
As of 2015, Dili Municipality had {{convert|1475|km|mi}} of roads, of which half were classified as National, District, or Urban.<ref name="MOF2015"/>{{rp|106}} The roads heading into and out of Dili to the East and West carry over 1,000 non-motorbike vehicles daily.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|72}} In addition to the Eastern and Western national roads, a third national road extends south from the city.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|73}} Within Dili, there is rising congestion.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|72}} Poor road quality is the most common cause of accidents and delays.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–13}} Many roads are unpaved, and within the old quarter, streets are often one-way. The only four lane roads in the city are National Road A01 and Banana Road.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–1}} As of 2016, there were four [[roundabout]]s and 11 intersections with traffic lights.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–2}} Few routes travel along the east-west axis, and for most of the time since independence there was [[CPLP Bridge|only one vehicular crossing]] across the Comoro river.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–1}} This bridge was expanded from two lanes to four lanes in June 2013.<ref name="MPW2014"/>{{rp|1}} The two-lane [[Hinode Bridge]] was opened upriver in September 2018, connecting Banana road to National Road No 03.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/easttimor/english/office/topics/press180913_en.html |title=Opening of the Comoro Bridge III |publisher=JICA |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711152119/https://www.jica.go.jp/easttimor/english/office/topics/press180913_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is expected that this bridge will also be expanded to four lanes in the future.<ref name="MPW2014"/>{{rp|iii}}

The usual form of public transportation within the city is the [[minibus]], which are operated by private companies that purchase route franchises from the government. Each vehicle usually has a capacity of ten people. There are no formal schedules and few official bus stops.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–4, 4–5}} Fares are cheap, at $0.25. Dili is also served by a fleet of air-conditioned blue taxis, whose drivers are expected to speak Tetum and English.<ref name="Asia2018"/>{{rp|16}}

Street names are in Portuguese, as are many official signs labelling locations. Tetum is used for more informational signage. English and Indonesian are rare in official signage, but are more common elsewhere. Chinese is used on some informal signage, while non-Tetum Timorese languages are not used.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor-Leech |first1=Kerry Jane |title=Language choice as an index of identity: linguistic landscape in Dili, Timor-Leste |journal=International Journal of Multilingualism |date=14 June 2011 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=24–31 |doi=10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |s2cid=145011382 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209151348/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790718.2011.583654 |url-status=live }}</ref> Even under Indonesian rule, during which the use of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] was banned, Portuguese street names like ''Avenida Marechal Carmona'' remained unchanged, although they were prefixed with the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] word ''Jalan'' or 'road'.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=m4C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Jalan+Avenida+Marechal+Carmona%22++ ''Indonesia: A Travel Survival Kit''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327140804/https://books.google.com/books?id=m4C6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Jalan+Avenida+Marechal+Carmona%22++ |date=27 March 2023 }}, Joe Cummings, Lonely Planet, 1990, pages 657–658</ref>

====Sea====
[[File:ANL Timor Trader, Dili, 2018 (02).jpg|thumb|alt=Red and yellow cargo ship being unloaded by cranes|Cargo ship in the [[Port of Dili]] in 2018, before it was converted to a passenger port]]
The [[Port of Dili]] has a total berth length of {{convert|289.2|m|ft}}. Depths alongside the berth range from {{convert|5.5|m|ft}} to {{convert|7.5|m|ft}}.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-8}} This port was previously the only international cargo reception port in the country, but its capacity is insufficient to meet import needs.<ref name="Vitor2015"/>{{rp|107, 110}} The [[Tibar Bay Port]] was thus planned to handle all cargo shipping, leaving the current Dili port to become a dedicated ferry terminal.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–24}} Tibar Bay Port was expected to be built starting in 2015, and scheduled for opening in 2020.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–24}} On 3 June 2016 the government signed a [[Public-private partnership]] agreement with [[Bolloré]], giving the company a 30-year least on the new port. A construction tender was awarded to the [[China Harbour Engineering Company]] in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mof.gov.tl/press-release-tibar-bay-port-ppp-project/?lang=en |title=Press Release – Tibar Bay Port PPP Project |publisher=Ministry of Finance |date=15 December 2017 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711133451/https://www.mof.gov.tl/press-release-tibar-bay-port-ppp-project/?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Construction began on 30 August 2019, with completion scheduled for August 2021. As of December 2020, construction was 42% complete, with delays including Chinese workers returning to China during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste|COVID-19 pandemic]]. The port was then expected to open in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gpm.gov.tl/en/portu-foun-tibar-sei-halao-operasaun-iha-abril-2022/ |title=New Tibar port starts operation in April 2022 |publisher=Prime Minister Office |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119012446/https://www.gpm.gov.tl/en/portu-foun-tibar-sei-halao-operasaun-iha-abril-2022/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The port received its first ships on 30 September that year,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollore-transport-logistics.com/medias/communiques-de-presse/timor-port-lance-les-activites-du-premier-port-en-eaux-profondes-de-tibar-bay |title=Timor Port lance les activités du premier port en eaux profondes de Tibar Bay |publisher=Bolloré Transport & Logistics |language=French |date=3 October 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323061805/https://www.bollore-transport-logistics.com/medias/communiques-de-presse/timor-port-lance-les-activites-du-premier-port-en-eaux-profondes-de-tibar-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> and was officially inaugurated on 30 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ajot.com/news/timor-leste-inaugurated-the-new-deepwater-port-of-tibar-bay-a-new-maritime-gateway-to-the-asia-pacific-region |title=Timor Leste inaugurated the new deepwater Port of Tibar Bay, a new maritime gateway to the Asia-Pacific Region |work=American Journal of Transportation |date=1 December 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323061814/https://www.ajot.com/news/timor-leste-inaugurated-the-new-deepwater-port-of-tibar-bay-a-new-maritime-gateway-to-the-asia-pacific-region |url-status=live }}</ref>

A [[dry port]] has been created {{convert|8|km|mi}} from the main Port of Dili, and there is a naval port in Hera.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-9}} Cargo operations in Dili Port halted from 1 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=31233&lang=en&n=1 |title=Tibar Bay Port construction reaches 92% and enters into operation on September 30th |publisher=Government of Timor-Leste |date=21 September 2022 |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015182756/http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=31233&lang=en&n=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> A twice-weekly ferry service operates between Dili and [[Oecusse]], and a ferry travels between Dili and [[Atauro]] once a week.<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|95}}<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–17}} The Dili Port serves as the main link for these locations with the rest of the country.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|I-3}} These ferries deposit people and vehicles onto a [[slipway]], rather than a dedicated [[Berth (moorings)|berthing]].<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–15}}

====Air====
[[File:Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport terminal, 2018 (02).jpg|thumb|[[Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport|Dili International Airport]]]]
The [[Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport]], named after independence leader [[Nicolau Lobato]],<ref>[http://visiteasttimor.com/good-to-know/arriving-at-airport Arriving at Dili´s Airport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162321/http://visiteasttimor.com/good-to-know/arriving-at-airport/ |date=12 June 2018 }}, VisitEastTimor.</ref> is located in the city.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–36}} It serves regular flights to [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] (Australia), [[Denpasar]] (Indonesia), and [[Singapore]].<ref name="SDP2011"/>{{rp|99}} In 2014, it served 198,080 passengers and 172 tons of cargo. It has one runway, which is {{convert|1850|m|ft}} long and {{convert|30|m|ft}} wide, lying {{convert|8|m|ft}} above mean [[sea level]]. A lack of runway lighting prevents night-time landings, so the airport operates from 6&nbsp;am to 6&nbsp;pm. The passenger terminals were originally domestic terminals during the Indonesian period, leaving them ill-designed to handle international customs and immigration.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–26, 4–27, 4–29, 4–36}} Due to the size of the runway, only medium-sized planes such as the A319 and the B737 can be accommodated, and there is limited space for aircraft parking. The runway is constrained by the sea and the Comoro river, although there are plans to extend the runway through [[land reclamation]] and/or by bridging the river.<ref name="JICA2016"/>{{rp|4–32, 4–33, 4–35}} A new international terminal is also planned.<ref name="Vitor2015"/>{{rp|107}} Despite this, it is thought the airport may be able to handle capacity requirement until 2030.<ref name="Asia2018"/>{{rp|13}}

This is the only functioning international airport in Timor-Leste, though there are airstrips in Baucau, Suai and Oecusse used for domestic flights. Until recently, Dili's airport runway has been unable to accommodate aircraft larger than the [[Boeing 737]] or [[C-130 Hercules]], but in January 2008, the Portuguese charter airline [[EuroAtlantic Airways]] operated a direct flight from [[Lisbon]] using a [[Boeing 757]], carrying 140 members of the [[Portuguese National Republican Guard|Guarda Nacional Republicana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euroatlantic.pt/html/en_29_01_2008.pdf |title=euroAtlantic, the first Portuguese commercial company lands at Díli Airport transporting GNR (Portuguese militarised police force) military staff to Timor |website=www.euroatlantic.pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627103021/http://www.euroatlantic.pt/html/en_29_01_2008.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2008}}</ref>