Editing Devil (section)

=== Islamist movements ===
{{See also|Taghut}}
Many [[Salafism|Salafi]] strands  emphasize a [[Dualistic cosmology|dualistic]] worldview between believers and unbelievers,<ref>Thorsten Gerald Schneiders, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cKkWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA392 Salafismus in Deutschland: Ursprünge und Gefahren einer islamisch-fundamentalistischen Bewegung]'', transcript Verlag 2014, {{ISBN|978-3-8394-2711-8}},  p. 392 (German).</ref> The unbelievers are considered to be under the domain of the Devil and are the enemies of the faithful. The former are credited with tempting the latter to sin and away from God's path. The Devil will ultimately be defeated by the power of God, but remains until then a serious threat for the believer.<ref>Richard Gauvain, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ6gL2iwhy8C&pg=PA74 Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God]'', Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}}, p. 67.</ref> 

The notion of a substantial reality of evil (or a form of dualism between God and the Devil) has no precedence in the Quran or earlier Muslim traditions.<ref>Leezenberg, Michiel. "Evil: A comparative overview." The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evil (2019): 360-380. p. 22</ref>  The writings of ibn Sina, Ghazali, and ibn Taimiyya, all describe evil as the absence of good, rather than having any positive existence. Accordingly, infidelity among humans, civilizations, and empires are not described as evil or devilish in Classical Islamic sources.<ref>Leezenberg, Michiel. "Evil: A comparative overview." The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evil (2019): 360-380. p. 22</ref> This is in stark contrast to Islamists, such as [[Osama bin Laden]], who justifies his violence against the infidels by contrary assertions.<ref>Leezenberg, Michiel. "Evil: A comparative overview." The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evil (2019): 360-380. p. 22</ref> 

While in classical [[hadith]]s, devils (''shayāṭīn'') and [[jinn]] are responsible for ritual impurity, many Salafis substitute local demons by an omnipresent threat through the Devil himself.<ref>Richard Gauvain, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ6gL2iwhy8C&pg=PA68 Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God]'', Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}}, p. 68.</ref>  Only through remembrance of God and ritual purity, can the devil be kept away.<ref>Richard Gauvain, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ6gL2iwhy8C&pg=PA69 Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God]'', Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-7103-1356-0}}, p. 69.</ref> As such, the Devil becomes an increasingly powerful entity who is believed to interfer with both personal and political life.<ref>Michael Kiefer, Jörg Hüttermann, Bacem Dziri, Rauf Ceylan, Viktoria Roth, Fabian Srowig, Andreas Zick ''"Lasset uns in shaʼa Allah ein Plan machen": Fallgestützte Analyse der Radikalisierung einer WhatsApp-Gruppe'' Springer-Verlag 2017 {{ISBN|978-3-658-17950-2}} p. 111</ref> For example, many Salafis blame the Devil for [[Western world|Western]] [[emancipation]].<ref>Janusz Biene, Christopher Daase, Julian Junk, Harald Müller ''Salafismus und Dschihadismus in Deutschland: Ursachen, Dynamiken, Handlungsempfehlungen'' Campus Verlag 2016 9783593506371 p. 177 (German)</ref>