Editing David Baltimore (section)

==== Translational Science Initiatives ====
A primary focus of Baltimore's lab was use of gene therapy methods to treat HIV and cancer.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2010-05-21|title=David Baltimore|url=https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/david-baltimore|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Broad Institute|language=en}}</ref> In the early 2000s one of Baltimore's graduate students, Lili Yang, developed a [[lentivirus]] vector that allowed for the cloning of genes for two chains of TCR. Recognizing its potentially profound implications for enhancing immunity, Baltimore developed a translational research initiative within his laboratory called "Engineering Immunity." The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation awarded the program with a Grand Challenge Grant, and he used the funding to divide the initiative into four research programs and hire additional lab staff to lead each one. Two of the research programs sparked gene therapy start-up companies, Calimmune and Immune Design Corp, founded in 2006 and 2008 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Calimmune, Inc.|date=June 27, 2015 |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/calimmune-inc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Immune Design Corp - Company Profile and News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/IMDZ:US|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> A third program focused on the development of an HIV vaccine, and eventually lead to clinical trials at NIH.<ref name=":1" /> In 2009 Baltimore became director of the Joint Center for Translational Medicine, a shared initiative between Caltech and UCLA aimed at developing bench to bedside medicine.<ref name=":5" />