Editing Dallas (section)

=== Race and ethnicity ===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition 
!2020<ref name="US Census-2022">{{Cite web|title= P2 Hisapnic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4819000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=May 7, 2022|website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html|title=Dallas (city), Texas|work=State & County QuickFacts|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118233505/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html|archive-date=November 18, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=December 18, 2011}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1" />!! 1950<ref name="census1" />
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) 
|42.3%||42.4% ||20.9% ||7.5%{{efn|name="fifteen"}}||n/a
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|28.1%||28.8% ||47.7% ||66.9%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}}||n/a
|-
|[[African American|Black or African American]]
|22.9%||24.7% ||29.5% ||24.9% ||13.1%
|-
|[[Asian American|Asian]]
|3.7%||2.9% ||2.2% ||0.2% ||–
|}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Dallas (5559904955).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Dallas, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
Dallas's population was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),<ref name="census12">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |access-date=December 18, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> but its population has diversified due to immigration and [[white flight]] over the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cordell, Dennis D., Southern Methodist University (Dallas) and Garcia y Griego, Manuel, University of Texas at Arlington, "The Integration of Nigerian and Mexican immigrants in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas", working paper, 2005 |url=http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51068 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030824/http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51068 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8% was Black or African American, 0.7% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] and [[Alaska Natives|Alaska Native]], 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race).<ref>{{cite web |title=Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506223734/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4819000.html |archive-date=May 6, 2013 |access-date=May 11, 2013 |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov}}</ref>

At the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]'s 2019 estimates, 29.1% were [[Non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic White]] 24.3% Black and African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, and 1.4% from two or more races.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2019 Demographic Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811112513/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] and [[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islanders]] made up a total of 312 residents according to 2019's census estimates, down from 606 in 2017.<ref name="US Census-2019">{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=March 28, 2019 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |language=en}}</ref> Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race made up 41.2% of the estimated population in 2019. Among the Hispanic or Latino American population in 2019, 34.6% of Dallas was [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]], 0.4% [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]], 0.2% [[Cuban Americans|Cuban]] and 6.0% other Hispanic or Latino American. In 2017's American Community Survey estimates among the demographic 35.5% were Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 5.4% other Hispanic or Latino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Community Survey 2017 Demographic Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20population&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSDP1Y2017.DP05&hidePreview=false |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race continued to constitute the largest ethnic group in the city proper,<ref name="US Census-2022" /> reflecting nationwide demographic trends.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ura |first1=Alexa |last2=Kao |first2=Jason |last3=Astudillo |first3=Carla |last4=Essig |first4=Chris |date=August 12, 2021 |title=People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2021/08/12/texas-2020-census/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Passel |first1=Jeffrey S. |last2=Lopez |first2=Mark Hugo |last3=Cohn |first3=D'Vera |title=U.S. Hispanic population continued its geographic spread in the 2010s |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/02/03/u-s-hispanic-population-continued-its-geographic-spread-in-the-2010s/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=Pew Research Center |date=February 3, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=William H. |date=July 1, 2020 |title=The nation is diversifying even faster than predicted, according to new census data |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/new-census-data-shows-the-nation-is-diversifying-even-faster-than-predicted/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Dallas area is a major living destination for [[Mexican Americans]] and other Hispanic and Latino American immigrants. The southwestern portion of the city, particularly [[Oak Cliff]] is chiefly inhabited by Hispanic and Latino American residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutze |first=Jim |date=March 17, 2015 |title=Mexicans Saved Oak Cliff While They Saved American Cities. Bikos Came Later. |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/mexicans-saved-oak-cliff-while-they-saved-american-cities-bikos-came-later-7126267 |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Dallas Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2019 |title=How Latino immigrants saved Oak Cliff: new book explores immigrants' contributions to Dallas |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/books/2019/12/05/how-latino-immigrants-saved-oak-cliff-new-book-explores-immigrants-contributions-to-dallas/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> The southeastern portion of the city [[Pleasant Grove, Dallas, Texas|Pleasant Grove]] is chiefly inhabited by African American and Hispanic or Latino American residents, while the [[South Dallas|southern portion]] of the city is predominantly black.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez|first=Miguel |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Dallas neighborhood established by freed slaves fights to keep its history alive |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/01/08/dallas-historically-black-neighborhood-tenth-street-history-preservati/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=South Dallas |url=https://blacksindallas.com/southdallas/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=BlacksInDallas.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The west and east sides of the city are predominantly Hispanic or Latino American; [[Garland, Texas|Garland]] also has a large Spanish-speaking population. [[North Dallas]] has many enclaves of predominantly white, black and especially Hispanic or Latino American residents.

The Dallas area is also a major living destination for Black and African Americans primarily due to its strong and diverse economy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2012/may/why-young-black-professionals-are-wary-of-dallas/ | title=Why Young Black Professionals Are Wary of Dallas | date=April 18, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2011/02/16/census-estimates-indicate-blacks-in-us-moving-south-for-better-jobs/26415661007/ | title=Census Estimates Indicate Blacks in U.S. Moving South for Better Jobs }}</ref> Between 2010 and 2020, the Dallas area had the second-most new Black and African American residents only behind the [[Atlanta metropolitan area|Atlanta area]] and slightly above the Houston area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-new-great-migration-is-bringing-black-americans-back-to-the-south/|title=A 'New Great Migration' is bringing Black Americans back to the South|first=William|last=H. Frey|date=September 12, 2022|website=brookings.edu}}
</ref> The notable influx of African Americans is partly due to the [[New Great Migration]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2017 |title=The New Black South |url=https://www.governing.com/gov-new-black-south.html |access-date=June 29, 2020 |website=Governing.com |language=en |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729031923/https://www.governing.com/gov-new-black-south.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is a significant number of people from the [[Horn of Africa]], immigrants from [[Ethiopian Americans|Ethiopia]], [[Eritrean Americans|Eritrea]] and [[Somali Americans|Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reiss |first=Sarah |title=How Dallas Got So Many Ethiopian Restaurants |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2011/june/how-dallas-got-so-many-ethiopian-restaurants/ |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=D Magazine |date=May 25, 2011 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from the former [[Soviet Bloc]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 18, 2017 |title=70,000 Russian-speakers in Dallas, According to Mayor of Dallas |language=en-US |work=Russian Dallas – Руский Даллас |url=http://www.dallastelegraph.com/70000-russian-speakers-dallas-accordding-mayor-dallas/ |access-date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> Included in this population are [[Russian Americans|Russians]], [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jews]], [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainians]], [[Belarusian Americans|Belarusians]], [[Moldovan Americans|Moldavians]], [[Uzbek Americans|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz people|Kirghiz]], and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of "American husbands-Russian wives". Russian DFW has its own newspaper, ''The Dallas Telegraph''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2012 |title=About ⋆ Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас |url=https://www.dallastelegraph.com/about/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2018 |title=Dallas couple tell what it's like being Russian in America |url=https://cw33.com/news/what-its-like-being-a-russian-speaker-in-america/ |access-date=September 16, 2020 |website=CW33 Dallas / Ft. Worth |language=en-US}}</ref>

In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those of [[Indian Americans|Indian]], [[Vietnamese Americans|Vietnamese]], [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], [[Korean Americans|Korean]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipino]], [[Japanese Americans|Japanese]], and other heritage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dallas Population and Demographics |url=http://dallas.areaconnect.com/statistics.htm |access-date=November 21, 2016 |publisher=areaconnect.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schnyder |first1=Mark |title=Asian-American Growth Steady in North Texas |url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Asian-American-Growth-Steady-in-North-Texas-259670561.html |access-date=November 21, 2016 |website=nbcdfw.com |date=May 17, 2014 }}</ref> Among large-sized cities in the United States, [[Plano, Texas|Plano]], the northern suburb of Dallas, has the [[List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations#Large-sized cities|6th largest Chinese American population]] as of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000 [[Iranian Americans]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IRANIAN COMMUNITY IN NORTH TEXAS |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/texasbaptists/intercultural-ministry/IRANIAN-COMMUNITY-IN-NORTH-TEXAS.pdf |access-date=October 19, 2020 |website=S3.amazonaws.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mobasher |first1=Mohsen M. |title=Iranians in Texas |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2012 |isbn=9780292728592 |doi=10.7560/728592 |jstor=10.7560/728592|s2cid=249229343 }}</ref> With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the [[linguistic landscape]]. According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.<ref>Corrie Maclaggan, [https://www.texastribune.org/2014/01/02/increasing-share-foreign-born-residents-texas/ Share of Foreign-Born Texans Growing], ''Texas Tribune'' (January 2, 2014).</ref> The 2018 census estimates determined that the city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACS 2018 Foreign-Born Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Dallas%20city,%20Texas%20foreign-born&g=1600000US4819000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S0502&t=Foreign%20born&layer=place&vintage=2018 |access-date=February 16, 2020 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>