Editing Cyberpunk (section)

=== Comics ===
In 1975, artist [[Jean Giraud|Moebius]] collaborated with writer [[Dan O'Bannon]] on a story called ''[[The Long Tomorrow (comics)|The Long Tomorrow]]'', published in the French magazine ''[[Métal Hurlant]]''. One of the first works featuring elements now seen as exemplifying cyberpunk, it combined influences from [[film noir]] and [[hardboiled]] crime fiction with a distant sci-fi environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://moebiusodyssey.space/book/long-tomorrow/|title = The Long Tomorrow – Moebius Odyssey| date=30 August 2017 }}</ref> Author [[William Gibson]] stated that Moebius' artwork for the series, along with other visuals from ''Métal Hurlant'', strongly influenced his 1984 novel ''[[Neuromancer]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3LkLqQLvdcC&q=%22So+it%27s+entirely+fair+to+say%2C+and+I%27ve+said+it+before%2C+that+the+way+Neuromancer-the-novel+%27looks%27+was+influenced+in+large+part+by+some+of+the+artwork+I+saw+in+Heavy+Metal%22&pg=PA281|title = Futurescapes: Space in Utopian and Science Fiction Discourses|isbn = 978-90-420-2602-5|last1 = Pordzik|first1 = Ralph|year = 2009| publisher=Rodopi }}</ref> The series had a far-reaching impact in the cyberpunk genre,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.adafruit.com/2020/04/10/the-profound-influence-of-moebius-on-cyberpunk-art-and-aesthetics-cyberpunk/|title = The Profound Influence of Moebius on Cyberpunk Art and Aesthetics #cyberpunk|date = 10 April 2020}}</ref> being cited as an influence on [[Ridley Scott]]'s ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979) and ''[[Blade Runner]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/1994/01/moebius-2/|title = Moebius|magazine = Wired|last1 = Frauenfelder|first1 = Mark}}</ref> 

Moebius expanded upon ''The Long Tomorrow'''s aesthetic with ''[[The Incal]]'', a graphic novel collaboration with [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] published from 1980 to 1988. The story centers around the exploits of a [[detective]] named John Difool in various science fiction settings, and while not confined to the tropes of cyberpunk, it features many elements of the genre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2012/02/13/the-incal-classic-w.html|title = The Incal: Classic, weird-ass French space-opera comic drawn by Moebius, reprinted in English|date = 13 February 2012}}</ref> Moebius was one of the designers of ''[[Tron]]'' (1982), a movie that shows a world inside a computer.<ref name="boucher">{{cite news |last=Boucher |first=Geoff |date=2 April 2011 |title=Moebius on his art, fading eyesight and legend: 'I am like a unicorn' |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/moebius-on-his-art-fading-eyesight-and-legend-i-am-like-a-unicorn/}}</ref>

Concurrently with many other foundational cyberpunk works, [[DC Comics]] published [[Frank Miller]]'s six-issue miniseries ''[[Rōnin (DC Comics)|Rōnin]]'' from 1983 to 1984. The series, incorporating aspects of [[Samurai]] culture, martial arts films and manga, is set in a dystopian near-future [[New York City|New York]]. It explores the link between an ancient Japanese warrior and the apocalyptic, crumbling cityscape he finds himself in. The comic also bears several similarities to ''Akira'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leviathyn.com/50440/ronin-review-frank-millers-samurai-demon-ai-run-amok-in-ny/|title=Ronin Review: Frank Miller's Samurai, Demon & AI Run Amok in NY|date=28 August 2013}}</ref> with highly powerful [[Telepathy|telepaths]] playing central roles, as well as sharing many key visuals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://johnpistelli.com/2018/12/11/katsuhiro-otomo-akira/|title = Katsuhiro Otomo, Akira|date = 12 December 2018}}</ref>

''Rōnin'' would go on to influence many later works, including ''[[Samurai Jack]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/samurai-jack-genndy-trivia-facts/|title = 15 Things You Didn't Know About Samurai Jack|website = [[Screen Rant]]|date = 17 February 2017}}</ref> and the ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metaltv.com/page.cfm?id=262 |title=Heavy Metal - the Illustrated Adult Fantasy Art Magazine |website=metaltv.com |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103221806/http://metaltv.com/page.cfm?id=262 |archive-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as video games such as ''[[Cyberpunk 2077]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/cyberpunk-2077-frank-miller-ronin-influence/|title = How Frank Miller's Ronin Influenced Cyberpunk 2077|date = 27 December 2020}}</ref> Two years later, Miller himself would incorporate several toned-down elements of ''Rōnin'' into his acclaimed 1986 miniseries ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]'', in which a retired Bruce Wayne once again takes up the mantle of [[Batman]] in a Gotham that is increasingly becoming more dystopian.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA196442100&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=14497751&p=AONE&sw=w| title = Popular culture and the ecological gothic: Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns - Document - Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref>

[[Paul Pope]]'s ''[[Batman: Year 100]]'', published in 2006, also exhibits several traits typical of cyberpunk fiction, such as a rebel protagonist opposing a future authoritarian state, and a distinct [[Retrofuturism|retrofuturist]] aesthetic that makes callbacks to both ''The Dark Knight Returns'' and Batman's original appearances in  the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/mar/04/comics|title = Review: Batman: Year 100 by Paul Pope and Jose Villarrubia|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 4 March 2007}}</ref>