Editing Crisis of the Third Century (section)

==== Non-dynastic (238) ====
|-
|[[Image:Bust of Pupienus - Palazzo Nuovo - Musei Capitolini - Rome 2016 (2) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:PUPIENUS-RIC IV 1-87001056 (obverse).jpg|100x100px]]
|'''[[Pupienus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus}}</small>
| rowspan="2" |{{Circa}} May – August 238<br /><small>(99 days)</small>
| rowspan="2" |Senior senators and former [[Roman consul|consuls]] (Pupienus was 74, Balbinus 60), elected joint emperors by the [[Roman Senate|Senate]] after the death of the Gordians and in opposition to [[Maximinus I|Maximinus]], who was on his way to Italy. Made regents of the ''caesar'' [[Gordian III|Gordian&nbsp;III]], who was given the title by popular demand. Pupienus organized military affairs, while Balbinus saw administrative matters. They soon developed a destructive rivalry, and were assassinated by the displeased [[Praetorian Guard]] only one month after Maximinus' death.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1y=2017|1pp=184–186|2a1=Peachin|2y=1990|2p=28|3a1=Burgess|3y=2014|3pp=71-72|4a1=Vagi|4y=2000|4pp=320-322|5a1=Adkins|5y=2019|5p=27}}
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|[[Image:Ritratto di balbino, 238 (cropped enhanced).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Balbinus, RIC IV 10 (obverse).jpg|100x100px]]
|'''[[Balbinus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus}}</small>
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| colspan="5" |