Editing Cosmic microwave background (section)

===Planck Surveyor===
{{main | Planck Surveyor}}
A third space mission, the [[European Space Agency|ESA]] (European Space Agency) [[Planck Surveyor]], was launched in May 2009 and performed an even more detailed investigation until it was shut down in October 2013. Planck employed both [[HEMT]] radiometers and [[bolometer]] technology and measured the CMB at a smaller scale than WMAP. Its detectors were trialled in the Antarctic [[Viper telescope]] as ACBAR ([[Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver]]) experiment—which has produced the most precise measurements at small angular scales to date—and in the [[Archeops]] balloon telescope.

On 21 March 2013, the European-led research team behind the [[Planck (spacecraft)|''Planck'' cosmology probe]] released the mission's all-sky map ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233029/http://esacmt.esac.esa.int/science-e-media/img/61/51553_Planck_CMB_Mollweide_565.jpg 565x318 jpeg], [https://web.archive.org/web/20170215024745/https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/735683main_pia16873-full_full.jpg 3600x1800 jpeg]) of the cosmic microwave background.<ref name="NASA-20130321">{{cite web|last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=Planck Mission Brings Universe Into Sharp Focus |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-109&rn=news.xml&rst=3739 |date=21 March 2013|website=[[NASA]] |access-date=21 March 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20130321g">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Mapping the Early Universe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/03/21/science/space/0321-universe.html |date=21 March 2013 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=23 March 2013 }}</ref> The map suggests the universe is slightly older than researchers expected. According to the map, subtle fluctuations in temperature were imprinted on the deep sky when the cosmos was about {{val|370000}} years old. The imprint reflects ripples that arose as early, in the existence of the universe, as the first [[Nonillion#Standard dictionary numbers|nonillionth]] (10<sup>−30</sup>) of a second. Apparently, these ripples gave rise to the present vast [[Cosmic Web#Large-scale structure|cosmic web]] of [[galaxy cluster]]s and [[dark matter]]. Based on the 2013 data, the universe contains 4.9% [[matter|ordinary matter]], 26.8% [[dark matter]] and 68.3% [[dark energy]]. On 5 February 2015, new data was released by the ''Planck'' mission, according to which the age of the universe is {{val|13.799|0.021}} [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]] years old and the [[Hubble constant]] was measured to be {{val|67.74|0.46|u=(km/s)/Mpc}}.<ref name="Planck 2015">{{cite journal
 |author=Planck Collaboration
 |year=2016
 |title=Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters (See Table 4 on page 31 of pfd)
 |arxiv=1502.01589
|bibcode = 2016A&A...594A..13P
 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525830
 |volume=594
 |issue=13
 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
 |pages=A13|s2cid=119262962
 }}</ref>