Editing Copenhagen (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Copenhagen by Sentinel-2, 2020-06-15.jpg|left|thumb|Satellite image of Copenhagen]]
[[File:CphUrbanAreaOnPoliticalMap2.png|thumb|The red line shows the approximate extent of the urban area of Copenhagen.]]
[[File:Copenhagen Metropolitan Area.JPG|thumb|Copenhagen metropolitan area]]

Copenhagen is part of the [[Øresund Region]], which consists of [[Zealand]], [[Lolland-Falster]] and [[Bornholm]] in Denmark and [[Scania]] in Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is the Øresund Region?|url=http://www.oresundsregionen.org/en/about-the-oeresund-region|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131117101741/http://www.oresundsregionen.org/en/about-the-oeresund-region|archive-date=17 November 2013|access-date=17 November 2013|publisher=Øresund|language=da}}</ref> It is located on the eastern shore of the island of Zealand, partly on the island of [[Amager]] and on a number of natural and artificial islets between the two. Copenhagen faces the [[Øresund]] to the east, the strait of water that separates Denmark from Sweden, and which connects the [[North Sea]] with the [[Baltic Sea]]. The [[Sweden|Swedish]] city of [[Malmö]] and the town of [[Landskrona]] lie on the Swedish side of the sound directly across from Copenhagen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen (København), Denmark|url=http://www.danishnet.com/info.php/travel/copenhagen-19.html|access-date=16 November 2013|publisher=Danishnet.com|archive-date=2 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233544/http://www.danishnet.com/info.php/travel/copenhagen-19.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By road, Copenhagen is {{convert|42|km}} northwest of [[Malmö]], Sweden, {{convert|85|km}} northeast of [[Næstved]], {{convert|164|km}} northeast of [[Odense]], {{convert|295|km}} east of [[Esbjerg]] and {{convert|188|km}} southeast of [[Aarhus]] by sea and road via [[Sjællands Odde]].<ref>{{Google maps | url =https://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=Copenhagen&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&ie=UTF-8&ei=USGSUuWnH_KA7QaTz4CYBA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg  | access-date =24 November 2013}}</ref>

The city centre lies in the area originally defined by the old [[rampart (fortification)|rampart]]s, which are still referred to as the [[Fortification Ring, Copenhagen|Fortification Ring]] (''Fæstningsringen'') and kept as a partial green band around it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parker I Indre By|url=http://www.kk.dk/da/brugbyen/brug-steder-i-byen/groenne-omraader/parker/indre-by|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023035646/http://www.kk.dk/da/brugbyen/brug-steder-i-byen/groenne-omraader/parker/indre-by|archive-date=23 October 2013|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=Copenhagen Municipality|language=da}}</ref> Then come the late-19th- and early-20th-century residential neighbourhoods of [[Østerbro]], [[Nørrebro]], [[Vesterbro, Copenhagen|Vesterbro]] and [[Amagerbro]]. The outlying areas of [[Kongens Enghave]], [[Valby]], [[Vigerslev]], [[Vanløse]], [[Brønshøj]], [[Utterslev]] and [[Sundby, Copenhagen|Sundby]] followed from 1920 to 1960. They consist mainly of residential housing and apartments often enhanced with parks and greenery.<ref name=kgdsd/>

===Topography===
The central area of the city consists of relatively low-lying flat ground formed by [[moraine]]s from the last ice age while the hilly areas to the north and west frequently rise to {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. The slopes of [[Valby]] and [[Brønshøj]] reach heights of over {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}}, divided by valleys running from the northeast to the southwest. Close to the centre are the [[The Lakes, Copenhagen|Copenhagen lakes]] of Sortedams Sø, Peblinge Sø and Sankt Jørgens Sø.<ref name="kgdsd">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=København – geografi|encyclopedia=Den Store Danske|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn_-_geografi|language=da|access-date=16 November 2013|archive-date=22 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022203103/http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn_-_geografi|url-status=live}}</ref>

Copenhagen rests on a [[subsoil]] of flint-layered limestone deposited in the [[Danian]] period some 60 to 66&nbsp;million years ago. Some [[greensand (geology)|greensand]] from the [[Selandian]] is also present. There are a few faults in the area, the most important of which is the Carlsberg fault which runs northwest to southeast through the centre of the city.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lars Nielsen|last2=Alexander Lassen|last3=Hans Thybo|year=2005|title=Carlsbergforkastningen|url=http://geocenter.dk/xpdf/geoviden-4-2005.pdf|access-date=17 November 2013|publisher=Geoviden|pages=8–11|language=da|issue=4|archive-date=25 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025140208/http://geocenter.dk/xpdf/geoviden-4-2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During the last ice age, glaciers eroded the surface leaving a layer of moraines up to {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} thick.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=København – geologi|encyclopedia=Den Store Danske|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/K%c3%b8benhavn/K%c3%b8benhavn/K%c3%b8benhavn_(Geologi)|language=da|access-date=17 November 2013|archive-date=22 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022234921/http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn/K%C3%B8benhavn_(Geologi)|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Geology|Geologically]], Copenhagen lies in the northern part of Denmark where the land is rising because of [[post-glacial rebound]].

===Beaches===
[[File:Amager Strandpark - kite surfers.jpg|thumb|left|Amager Strandpark]]
[[File:Kopenhagen, Kalvebod Bølge.jpg|thumb|Kalvebod Bølge – public beach within the city]]
[[Amager Strandpark]], which opened in 2005, is a {{convert|2|km|0|abbr=on}} long [[artificial island]], with a total of {{convert|4.6|km|1|abbr=on}} of beaches. It is located just 15 minutes by bicycle or a few minutes by metro from the city centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stranden|url=http://www.amager-strand.dk/content/stranden|access-date=21 November 2013|publisher=Amagerstrand|language=da|archive-date=15 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915004207/http://www.amager-strand.dk/content/stranden|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Klampenborg]], about {{Convert|10|km|mi}} from downtown Copenhagen, is [[Bellevue Beach]]. It is {{convert|700|m|ft}} long and has both lifeguards and freshwater showers on the beach.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bellevue Beach|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/bellevue-beach-gdk482349|access-date=16 April 2016|website=visitcopenhagen.com|publisher=Wonderful Copenhagen|archive-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414103311/http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/bellevue-beach-gdk482349|url-status=live}}</ref>

The beaches are supplemented by a system of [[Copenhagen Harbour Baths|Harbour Baths]] along the Copenhagen waterfront. The first and most popular of these is located at [[Islands Brygge]], literally meaning Iceland's Quay, and has won international acclaim for its design.<ref>{{cite web|title=2007 IOC Honorable Mention|url=http://www.architecture-page.com/go/people/profiles/bjarke-ingels-group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229091942/http://www.architecture-page.com/go/people/profiles/bjarke-ingels-group|archive-date=29 December 2008|access-date=5 January 2009|publisher=ap architecture-page}}</ref>