Editing Congreve rocket (section)

===Congress Poland and November Uprising===

Having witnessed the effects of incendiary rockets on grain warehouses of [[Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)|Danzig]] in 1813, artillery captain [[Józef Bem]] of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] started his own experiments with what was then called in Polish ''raca kongrewska''. These culminated in his 1819 report ''Notes sur les fusées incendiaires'' (German edition: ''Erfahrungen über die Congrevischen Brand-Raketen bis zum Jahre 1819 in der Königlichen Polnischen Artillerie gesammelt'', Weimar, 1820). The research took place in the [[Warsaw Arsenal]], where captain Józef Kosiński also developed the multiple-rocket launchers adapted from [[horse artillery]] [[gun carriage]].

The 1st Rocketeer Corps was formed in 1822 under the command of [[brigade general]] {{interlanguage link|Pierre Charles Bontemps|fr}} and received its launchers in 1823. The unit received its [[baptism of fire]] during the [[Polish–Russian War 1830–31]].
The rocket salvos fired by captain Karol Skalski's rocketeers during the twilight hours of the [[Battle of Olszynka Grochowska]] (25 February 1831) disrupted the Russian cavalry charges and forced them to retreat, which changed the tide of battle.
The rockets were also used several times (over a thousand stockpiled) by Polish [[freedom fighter]]s during the final [[Battle of Warsaw (1831)|Battle of Warsaw]] (September 1831) in defense of the city.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Szczygielska|first1=Małgorzata|title=Rakietnicy konni Królestwa Polskiego|url=http://www.ksopit.pl/sladami_kopyt/legendarne_formacje_kawalerii/rakietnicy|access-date=25 March 2016|language=pl|year=2013}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>