Editing Common carp (section)

=== Australia ===
Carp were introduced to [[Australia]] over 150 years ago but were not seen as a recognised pest species until the "Boolarra" strain appeared in the 1960s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Carp in Australian rivers {{!}} NSW Department of Primary Industries|url=https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/content/research/areas/aquatic-ecosystems/outputs/2005/666|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.dpi.nsw.gov.au|archive-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128200626/https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/content/research/areas/aquatic-ecosystems/outputs/2005/666|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wednesday|first=9 August 2006 Judy SkatssoonABC|date=2006-08-09|title=Mother of all Aussie carp may be German|url=https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/08/09/1709469.htm|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> After spreading massively through the [[Murray–Darling basin]], aided by massive flooding in 1974,<ref name=":1" /> they have established themselves in every Australian territory except for the [[Northern Territory]].<ref name="csiro" /> In [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], the common carp has been declared a noxious fish species, and the [[slot limit|quantity]] a fisherman can take is unlimited.<ref>[http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/nrenfaq.nsf/LinkView/038067B67D8D0260CA2571F6007C592FB43DB2A1BECEB2A04A256812001DD817 Victorian Recreational Fishing Guide 2006-2007]</ref> In [[South Australia]], it is an offence for this species to be released back to the wild.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fishsa.com/?dropdownmenu=%2F |title=fishsa.com |access-date=2007-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703044849/http://www.fishsa.com/?dropdownmenu=%2F |archive-date=2013-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An Australian company produces plant fertilizer from carp.<ref>[http://www.charliecarp.com/environment.htm carp as fertilizer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125114407/http://www.charliecarp.com/environment.htm |date=2007-01-25 }}</ref><ref>Schremmer, Jessica. [https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2021-01-17/carp-highly-sought-after-as-fertiliser-demand-skyrockets/13048124 Carp finally find fans as fertiliser demand skyrockets for veggie gardens during pandemic] ''[[ABC Rural]]'', 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref>

Efforts to eradicate a small colony from [[Lake Crescent (Tasmania)|Lake Crescent]] in [[Tasmania]], without using chemicals, have been successful, but the long-term, expensive and intensive undertaking is an example of both the possibility and difficulty of safely removing the species once it is established.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Margot|date=February 5, 2020|title=Carp success, after long battle against invasive fish, has trout faithful rejoicing|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-05/carp-success-lake-sorell-reopens-trout-fishing/11932166|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=ABC News}}</ref> One proposal, regarded as environmentally questionable, is to control common carp numbers by deliberately exposing them to the carp-specific [[koi herpes virus]] with its high mortality rate.<ref name=csiro>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/BF/Areas/Invasive-species-and-diseases/Biological-control/Biocontrol-of-carp|title=Reducing Australia's carp invasion|website=CSIRO|access-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723224411/https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/BF/Areas/Invasive-species-and-diseases/Biological-control/Biocontrol-of-carp|archive-date=2019-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, the Australian Government announced plans to release this virus into the Murray–Darling basin in an attempt to reduce the number of invasive common carp in the water system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-01/herpes-to-eradicate-carp-in-murray-river-pyne-says/7373736|title=Herpes virus to be used in fight against carp in Murray River, Christopher Pyne says|first1=Nick|last1=Kilvert|first2=Kerrin|last2=Thomas|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|website=ABC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505164116/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-01/herpes-to-eradicate-carp-in-murray-river-pyne-says/7373736|archive-date=5 May 2016|date=1 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="CSIRO-Carp-herpesvirus">{{cite web | title=Carp herpesvirus | website=Managing Water Ecosystems - CSIRO | date=2018-04-26 | url=http://research.csiro.au/mwe/carp-herpesvirus/ | access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref> However, in 2020, this plan was found to be unlikely to work.<ref name="Mintram-2020">{{cite journal | last1=Mintram | first1=Kate S. | last2=Oosterhout | first2=Cock | last3=Lighten | first3=Jackie | editor-last=Knutie | editor-first=Sarah | title=Genetic variation in resistance and high fecundity impede viral biocontrol of invasive fish | journal=Journal of Applied Ecology | publisher=Wiley | date=2020-10-14 | volume=58 | pages=148–157 | issn=0021-8901 | doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13762 | doi-access=free }}</ref> The [[CSIRO]] has also developed a technique for genetically modifying carp so that they only produce male offspring. This [[daughterless carp]] method shows promise for totally eradicating carp from Australia's waterways.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}