Editing Cologne (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Cologne}}
{|class="wikitable floatright" style="max-width: 22em;"
|+ Largest groups of foreign residents<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stadt-koeln.de/ |title=Stadt Köln |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103015131/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/ |url-status=bot: unknown }} › ...PDF
Statitstisches Jahrbuch Köln 2020</ref>
|-
! From country || Population (2022)
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}} ||57,135
|-
|{{flag|Italy}} ||21,351
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}} ||12,634
|-
|{{flag|Poland}} ||9,766
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}} ||8,631
|-
|{{flag|Syria}} ||8,074
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}} ||7,916
|-
|{{flag|Greece}} ||5,841
|-
|{{flag|Iran}} ||4,910
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}} ||4,837
|-
|{{flag|Romania}} ||4,786
|-
|{{flag|Russia}} ||4,651
|-
|{{flag|Spain}} ||3,954
|-
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ||3,830
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}} ||3,539
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}} ||3,263
|-
|{{flag|France}} ||3,043
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}} ||2,586
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}} ||2,523
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}} ||2,418
|-
|{{flag|Austria}} ||2,394
|-
|{{flag|China}} ||2,328
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}} ||2,287
|}
{{historical populations|1430|40000|1801|42024|1840|75858|1880|144722|1900|372229|1910|516527|1920|657175|1930|740082|1940|733500|1950|603283|1960|803616|1970|847037|1980|976694|1990|953551|2001|967940|2011|1005775|2022|1017355|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}In the Roman Empire, the city was large and rich with a population of 40,000 in 100–200&nbsp;AD.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Traffic and Congestion in the Roman Empire|author=van Tilburg, C.|date=2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-134-12975-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0i5LHy4b6kgC|page=42|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref> The city was home to around 20,000 people in 1000&nbsp;AD, growing to 50,000 in 1200&nbsp;AD. The [[Rhineland]] metropolis still had 50,000 residents in 1300&nbsp;AD.<ref name="books.google.dk">{{cite book|title=Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Studies in Environmental History for Richard C. Hoffmann|author=Bruce, S.G.|date=2010|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-18007-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aoklkGrf-8C|page=48|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web|url=http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic599385.files/venice_seminar_MIT_R1a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903230511/http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic599385.files/venice_seminar_MIT_R1a.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2015|date=30 November 2009|title=International trade and institutional change: A death in Venice|author=Diego Puga & Daniel Trefler|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>

Cologne is the fourth-largest city by population in Germany after [[Berlin]], Hamburg and [[Munich]]. As of 31 December 2021, there were 1,079,301 people registered as living in Cologne in an area of {{convert|404.99|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which makes Cologne the third largest city by area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-koeln.de/mediaasset/content/pdf15/statistik-jahrbuch/statistisches_jahrbuch__k%C3%B6ln_2021_ksn_3_2022_job.pdf |title=Kölner Statistische Nachrichten 3/2022 – Statistisches Jahrbuch 2021 |publisher=stadt-koeln.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150044/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/mediaasset/content/pdf15/statistik-jahrbuch/statistisches_jahrbuch__k%C3%B6ln_2021_ksn_3_2022_job.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The population density was {{convert|2700|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stadt-koeln.de">{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-koeln.de/mediaasset/content/pdf15/statistik-jahrbuch/statistisches_jahrbuch__k%C3%B6ln_2021_ksn_3_2022_job.pdf |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2022 |publisher=stadt-koeln.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150044/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/mediaasset/content/pdf15/statistik-jahrbuch/statistisches_jahrbuch__k%C3%B6ln_2021_ksn_3_2022_job.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Cologne first reached the population of 1,000,000 in 1975 due to the incorporation of [[Wesseling]], however this was reversed after public opposition. In 2009 Cologne's population again reached 1,000,000 and it became one of the four cities in Germany with a population exceeding 1 Million. The metropolitan area of the [[Cologne Bonn Region]] is home to 3,573,500 living on {{convert|4415|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.region-koeln-bonn.de/de/region/zahlen-daten-fakten/index.html |title=Region Köln Bon |publisher=region-koeln-bonn.de |year=2013 |access-date=25 September 2017 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074447/http://www.region-koeln-bonn.de/de/region/zahlen-daten-fakten/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is part of the polycentric megacity region [[Rhine-Ruhr]] with a population of over 11,000,000 people.

There were 551,528 women and 527,773 men in Cologne. In 2021, there were 11,127 births in Cologne; 5,844 marriages and 1,808 divorces, and 10,536 deaths. In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. 203 people in Cologne were over the age of 100.<ref name="stadt-koeln.de"/>

According to the Statistical Office of the City of Cologne, the number of people with a migrant background is at 40.5% (436,660). 2,254 people acquired German citizenship in 2021.<ref name="stadt-koeln.de"/> In 2021, there were 559,854 households, of which 18.4% had children under the age of 18; 51% of all households were made up of singles. 8% of all households were single-parent households. The average household size was 1.88.<ref name="stadt-koeln.de"/>

===Residents with foreign citizenship===
Cologne residents with a foreign citizenship as of 31 December 2021 is as follows:<ref name="stadt-koeln.de"/>
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;"|Citizenship
! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
! style="background:#efefef;"|% 
|-
|Total||436,660||100%
|-
|Europe||283,960||65%
|-
|[[European Union]]||138,961||31.8%
|-
|[[Asian people|Asian]]||78,235||17.9%
|-
|[[African people|African]]||29,552||6.8%
|-
|[[Americas|American]]||13,786||3.2%
|-
|Australian and Oceanian||666||0.2%
|-
|}

===Turkish community===
Cologne is home to 90,000 people of Turkish origin and is the second largest German city with Turkish population after [[Berlin]]. Cologne has a Little Istanbul in Keupstraße that has many Turkish restaurants and markets. Famous Turkish-German people like rapper [[Eko Fresh]] and TV presenter [[Nazan Eckes]] were born in Cologne.

===Language===
{{See also|Colognian dialect}}
'''Colognian''' or '''Kölsch''' ({{IPA|ksh|kœɫːʃ}}) (natively ''Kölsch Platt'') is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]] [[Central German]] group of languages. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former [[Electorate of Cologne]] reaching from [[Neuss]] in the north to just south of [[Bonn]], west to [[Düren]] and east to [[Olpe, Germany|Olpe]] in the North-West of Germany. Kölsch is one of the very few city dialects in Germany, which also include the [[Berlinerisch dialect|dialect]] spoken in [[Berlin]], for example.

===Religion===
{{see also|History of the Jews in Cologne}}
As of 2015, 35.5% of the population belonged to the [[Catholic Church]], the largest religious body, and 15.5% to the [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant Church]].<ref name="stadt-koeln.de-2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/statistik/jahrbuecher|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2016|date=1 February 2016|publisher=stadt-koeln.de|access-date=25 September 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007090926/http://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/statistik/jahrbuecher/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Irenaeus|Irenaeus of Lyons]] claimed that Christianity was brought to Cologne by Roman soldiers and traders at an unknown early date. It is known that in the early second century it was a bishop's seat. The first historical Bishop of Cologne was [[Maternus of Cologne|Saint Maternus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.knight.org/cathen/04116a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cologne|website=knight.org|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420132843/http://www.knight.org/cathen/04116a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thomas Aquinas]] studied in Cologne in 1244 under [[Albertus Magnus]]. Cologne is the seat of the [[Archdiocese of Cologne]].

According to the 2011 census, 2.1% of the population was [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], 0.5% belonged of an [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Free Church]] and 4.2% belonged to further religious communities officially recognized by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (such as [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]).<ref name="Census_2011_Reli">{{cite web |url=https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/#StaticContent:053150000000,BEG_4_2_6,m,table |title=Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausführlich) in % |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621101339/https://ergebnisse.zensus2011.de/#StaticContent:053150000000,BEG_4_2_6,m,table |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.personenstandsrecht.de/Webs/PERS/DE/informationen/religionsgemeinschaften/_documents/kirche_nrw.html |title=Nordrhein-Westfalen: Religions- und Weltanschauungsgemeinschaften, die auf Landesebene den Status "Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts" besitzen. |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822191707/https://www.personenstandsrecht.de/Webs/PERS/DE/informationen/religionsgemeinschaften/_documents/kirche_nrw.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are several mosques, including the [[Cologne Central Mosque]] run by the [[Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs]]. In 2011, about 11.2% of the population was [[Muslim]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kartenseite.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/brd_muslime_in_den_grossstaedten_beim_zensus2011_sortiert_nach_regionalschluessel1.pdf |title=Muslime in den Großstädten beim Zensus 2011 |access-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219230456/https://kartenseite.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/brd_muslime_in_den_grossstaedten_beim_zensus2011_sortiert_nach_regionalschluessel1.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Cologne also has one of the oldest and largest Jewish communities in Germany.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1684525,00.html|title=Cologne: Germany's Oldest Jewish Community|last=Serup-Bilfeldt|first=Kirsten|date=19 August 2005|newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=6 September 2011}}</ref> In 2011, 0.3% of Cologne's population was Jewish.<ref name="Census_2011_Reli"/>

On 11 October 2021, the Mayor of Cologne, [[Henriette Reker]], announced that all of Cologne's 35 mosques would be allowed to broadcast the [[Adhan]] (prayer call) for up to five minutes on Fridays between noon and 3 p.m. She commented that the move "shows that diversity is appreciated and loved in Cologne".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wincountry.com/2021/10/11/germanys-largest-mosque-to-broadcast-call-to-prayer-on-fridays/|title=Germany's largest mosque to broadcast call to prayer on Fridays|date=11 October 2021|work=wincountry.com|access-date=11 October 2021|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011161244/https://wincountry.com/2021/10/11/germanys-largest-mosque-to-broadcast-call-to-prayer-on-fridays/|url-status=live}}</ref>