Editing Classical guitar (section)

==History==
{{multiple image |direction=vertical |width=200
 | image1   = Guitar latina morisca.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Guitarra latina|Guitarra Latina]] (left) and <div style="text-align:right;">[[Guitarra morisca|Guitarra Morisca]] (right)</div>
 | image2   = Deutsches Museum (121282425).jpg
 | caption2 = History of guitars <br/>(exhibited at [[Deutsches Museum]])
}}
{{Main article|History of the classical guitar}}

===Overview of the classical guitar's history===
The origins of the modern guitar are not known with certainty. Some believe it is indigenous to Europe, while others think it is an imported instrument.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/guit/hd_guit.htm|title=The Guitar {{!}} Essay {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art|last1=Powers|first1=Wendy |first2=Jayson Kerr |last2=Dobney |website=The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|access-date=2017-04-08}}</ref> Guitar-like instruments appear in ancient carvings and statues recovered from Egyptian, Sumerian, and Babylonian civilizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guitarsumo.com/the-guitars-history/|title=The Guitar's History |first=Marko|last=Jovanovic|website=Guitar Sumo|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> This means that contemporary Iranian instruments such as the [[tanbur]] and [[setar]] are distantly related to the European guitar, as they all derive ultimately from the same ancient origins, but by very different historical routes and influences. [[Gittern]]s called "guitars" were already in use since the 13th century, but their construction and tuning were different from modern guitars. The time where the most changes were made to the guitar was in the 1500s to the 1800s.<ref>Stanley Sadie, ''The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments'', (New York: Macmillan Press Limited, 1984).</ref>
{{anchor|renaissance guitar}} 

{{multiple image |direction=vertical |width=200
 | image1   = Wartburg-Laute.JPG
 | caption1 = [[Gittern]] (1450)
 | image2   = Vihuela - Frontispiece Libro de música de vihuela de mano intitulado El maestro by Luis Milan.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Vihuela]]<br/>(<!-- clipped from front piece of -->vihuela book by Luis Milan, 1536<ref>
   {{cite book
   | author     = Luis Milan
   | year       = 1536
   | title      = Libro de música de vihuela de mano intitulado El maestro
   }}</ref>)
 | image3   = Baroque Guitar Etienne Picart (1680).jpg
 | caption3 = [[Baroque guitar]]<ref>
   {{cite web
   | author     = Alexander Batov
   | date       = 20 April 2006
   | title      = The Royal College Dias – guitar or vihuela?
   | url        = http://www.vihuelademano.com/rcmdias.htm 
   | work       = (The talk given at the Lute Society meeting in London on 16 April 2005)
   | quote      = ''A rather small sized vaulted-back guitar in the engraving by Etienne Picart (c. 1680) after the painting by Leonello Spada Concert (c.1615), Musée du Louvre, Paris''
   }}</ref> with rounded-back<br/> (engraving by Etienne Picart, 1680)
}}

===Renaissance guitar===
{{see also|Renaissance music}}
[[Alonso de Mudarra]]'s book ''Tres Libros de Música'', published in Spain in 1546, contains the earliest known written pieces for a four-course guitarra. This four-course "guitar" was popular in France, Spain, and Italy. In France this instrument gained popularity among aristocrats. A considerable volume of music was published in Paris from the 1550s to the 1570s: [[Simon Gorlier]]'s Le Troysième Livre... mis en tablature de Guiterne was published in 1551. In 1551 [[Adrian Le Roy]] also published his Premier Livre de Tablature de Guiterne, and in the same year he also published Briefve et facile instruction pour apprendre la tablature a bien accorder, conduire, et disposer la main sur la Guiterne. Robert Ballard, Grégoire Brayssing from Augsburg, and Guillaume Morlaye ({{circa|1510}} – {{circa|1558}}) significantly contributed to its repertoire. Morlaye's Le Premier Livre de Chansons, Gaillardes, Pavannes, Bransles, Almandes, Fantasies – which has a four-course instrument illustrated on its title page – was published in partnership with Michel Fedenzat, and among other music, they published six books of tablature by lutenist Albert de Rippe (who was very likely Guillaume's teacher).

===Vihuela===
{{Main article|Vihuela}}

The written history of the classical guitar can be traced back to the early 16th century with the development of the ''[[vihuela]]'' in Spain. While the lute was then becoming popular in other parts of Europe, the Spaniards did not take to it well because of its association with the Moors.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j5oJXHBMBEwC&q=Classical+guitar%3A+spaniards+did+not+take+to+it+well+because+of+its+association+with+the+Moors&pg=PA123|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of World Musical Instruments|year=2004 |publisher=Global Vision Pub House|isbn=9788187746843 |language=en}}{{Page needed|date=July 2020}}</ref> Instead, the lute-like vihuela appeared with two more strings that gave it more range and complexity. In its most developed form, the vihuela was a guitar-like instrument with six double strings made of gut, tuned like a modern classical guitar with the exception of the third string, which was tuned half a step lower. It has a high sound and is rather large to hold. Few have survived and most of what is known today come from diagrams and paintings.

<!-- [[Image:Jan Vermeer van Delft 013.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Guitar Player (c. 1672), by [[Johannes Vermeer]], guitar Voboam]] -->
{{multiple image |direction=horizontal
<!--
 | image1   = M2676 - gitarr - Matteo Seelos - före 1653 - foto Olav Nyhus.jpg
 | caption1 = Baroque guitar by Matteo Seelos (c.1653)
 | width1   = 160
-->
 | image1   = Jan Vermeer van Delft 013.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Baroque guitar]] on ''The Guitar Player'' ({{circa|1672}}), by [[Johannes Vermeer]]<!-- , guitar Voboam -->
 | width1   = 137
 | image2   = Jean-Nicolas Grobert - Early Romantic Guitar, Paris around 1830.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Early romantic guitar]] by Jean-Nicolas Grobert (1830)
 | width2   = 103
}}

===Baroque guitar===
{{Main article|Baroque guitar}}
{{see also|Baroque music}}

==="Early romantic guitar" or "Guitar during the Classical music era"===
{{Main article|Early romantic guitar}}
{{See also|Classical music era}}

The earliest extant six-string guitar is believed to have been built in 1779 by [[Gaetano Vinaccia]] (1759 – after 1831)  in [[Naples]], [[Italy]]; however, the date on the label is a little ambiguous.<ref>''The Classical Mandolin'' by Paul Sparks (1995), page 225, quote: "Vinaccia, Gaetano (1759 – after 1831)"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earlyromanticguitar.com/erg/gallery.htm|title=Gallery of Dated Instruments |website=Early Romantic Guitar |access-date=15 April 2018}} Page showing guitars, the oldest captioned "1779 Italy Vinaccia TH Looks right for 1779"; at the bottom of the page TH refers to a linked article "[http://www3.uakron.edu/gfaa/stalking.html Dr. Heck - Stalking the Earliest 6-String]" in which the author Thomas F. Heck concludes "the guitar with six single strings is probably of French or Italian origin, definitely not of Spanish origin...I do not consider the matter closed..."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.guitarhistoryfacts.com/guitar-inventor/gaetano-vinaccia/ |title= Gaetano Vinaccia Biography|author=<!--Not stated--> |website= guitarhistoryfacts.com|access-date=26 April 2019 |quote=...According to the current historical records, Gaetano Vinaccia and his brother Gennaro were responsible for the creation of the first six string guitar sometimes around 1776 in Naples...Authenticity of his surviving guitar was often placed in question by modern historians...}}</ref> The Vinaccia family of luthiers is known for developing the [[mandolin]]. This guitar has been examined and does not show tell-tale signs of modifications from a double-course guitar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.uakron.edu/gfaa/stalking.html|title=Stalking|website=www3.uakron.edu|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>
The authenticity of guitars allegedly produced before the 1790s is often in question. This also corresponds to when Moretti's 6-string method appeared, in 1792.
{{multiple image |direction=horizontal 
 | image1   = Guitarra de Torres.jpg		| width1 = 92
 | caption1 = Spanish guitar by [[Antonio de Torres Jurado]] (1862)
 | image2   = Williams Smallman 2005a.jpg	| width2 = 150
 | caption2 = [[Greg Smallman|Smallman]] played by John Williams in 2008
}}

===Modern classical guitar===
{{anchor|Modern classical guitar}}
{{See also|Antonio de Torres Jurado|Hermann Hauser Sr.}}The modern classical guitar was developed in the 19th century by [[Antonio de Torres Jurado]], [[Ignacio Fleta]], [[Hermann Hauser Sr.]], and Robert Bouchet. The Spanish luthier and player [[Antonio de Torres]] gave the modern classical guitar its definitive form, with a broadened body, increased waist curve, thinned belly, and improved internal bracing.<ref>The guitars built by Antonio de Torres still had friction pegs (see for example Richard Chapman "The New Complete Guitarist", p. 13 top)</ref> The modern classical guitar replaced an older form for the accompaniment of song and dance called [[flamenco]], and a modified version, known as the [[flamenco guitar]], was created.

=== American Classical Guitar Music ===
{{anchor|American_Classical_Guitar_Music}}
{{See also|Justin Holland|William Foden|Aaron Shearer|Christopher Parkening|Jason Vieaux}}
American classical guitar music represents a distinctive evolution within the classical guitar tradition in the United States. It blends European classical techniques with elements from American folk, blues, and other local musical styles. Pioneering figures such as Justin Holland and [[William Foden]] laid the groundwork, while later innovators like Aaron Shearer, [[Christopher Parkening]], and [[Jason Vieaux]] have significantly influenced performance practices, pedagogy, and repertoire in America. For more detailed information on this American evolution, please see the article on [[American Classical Guitar Music]].

===Technique===
The fingerstyle is used fervently on the modern classical guitar. The thumb traditionally plucks the bass – or [[root note]] – whereas the fingers ring the melody and its accompanying parts. Often classical guitar technique involves the use of the nails of the right hand to pluck the notes. Noted players were: [[Francisco Tárrega]], [[Emilio Pujol]], [[Andrés Segovia]], [[Julian Bream]], [[Agustín Barrios]], and [[John Williams (guitarist)]].

[[File:Agust%C3%ADn_Barrios_1910b.jpg|thumb|150px|Eminent Paraguayan classical guitarist and composer [[Agustín Barrios]] ]]