Editing Chromosome (section)

===Sperm aneuploidy===

Exposure of males to certain lifestyle, environmental and/or occupational hazards may increase the risk of aneuploid spermatozoa.<ref name="Templado-2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Templado C, Uroz L, Estop A | title = New insights on the origin and relevance of aneuploidy in human spermatozoa | journal = Molecular Human Reproduction | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | pages = 634–43 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23720770 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/gat039 | doi-access = }}</ref> In particular, risk of aneuploidy is increased by tobacco smoking,<ref name="Shi-2001">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi Q, Ko E, Barclay L, Hoang T, Rademaker A, Martin R | title = Cigarette smoking and aneuploidy in human sperm | journal = Molecular Reproduction and Development | volume = 59 | issue = 4 | pages = 417–21 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11468778 | doi = 10.1002/mrd.1048 | s2cid = 35230655 }}</ref><ref name="Rubes-1998">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rubes J, Lowe X, Moore D, Perreault S, Slott V, Evenson D, Selevan SG, Wyrobek AJ | title = Smoking cigarettes is associated with increased sperm disomy in teenage men | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 70 | issue = 4 | pages = 715–23 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9797104 | doi = 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00261-1 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and occupational exposure to benzene,<ref name="Xing-2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xing C, Marchetti F, Li G, Weldon RH, Kurtovich E, Young S, Schmid TE, Zhang L, Rappaport S, Waidyanatha S, Wyrobek AJ, Eskenazi B | title = Benzene exposure near the U.S. permissible limit is associated with sperm aneuploidy | journal = Environmental Health Perspectives | volume = 118 | issue = 6 | pages = 833–9 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20418200 | pmc = 2898861 | doi = 10.1289/ehp.0901531 | bibcode = 2010EnvHP.118..833X }}</ref> [[insecticide]]s,<ref name="Xia-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xia Y, Bian Q, Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X | title = Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to fenvalerate | journal = Toxicology | volume = 203 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 49–60 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15363581 | doi = 10.1016/j.tox.2004.05.018 | bibcode = 2004Toxgy.203...49X | s2cid = 36073841 }}</ref><ref name="Xia-2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xia Y, Cheng S, Bian Q, Xu L, Collins MD, Chang HC, Song L, Liu J, Wang S, Wang X | title = Genotoxic effects on spermatozoa of carbaryl-exposed workers | journal = Toxicological Sciences | volume = 85 | issue = 1 | pages = 615–23 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15615886 | doi = 10.1093/toxsci/kfi066 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and perfluorinated compounds.<ref name="Governini-2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Governini L, Guerranti C, De Leo V, Boschi L, Luddi A, Gori M, Orvieto R, Piomboni P | title = Chromosomal aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa from patients exposed to perfluorinated compounds | journal = Andrologia | volume = 47 | issue = 9 | pages = 1012–9 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 25382683 | doi = 10.1111/and.12371 | hdl = 11365/982323 | s2cid = 13484513 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Increased aneuploidy is often associated with increased DNA damage in spermatozoa.