Editing Chicken (section)

== Use by humans ==

=== Farming ===

{{Main|Poultry farming}}

Chickens are common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion {{As of|2018|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Number of chickens worldwide from 1990 to 2018.|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/263962/number-of-chickens-worldwide-since-1990/|access-date=February 23, 2020|website=Statista|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127124744/https://www.statista.com/statistics/263962/number-of-chickens-worldwide-since-1990/|url-status=live}}</ref> More than 50 billion chickens are reared annually as a source of meat and eggs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/chickens/ |title=About chickens |publisher=[[Compassion in World Farming]] |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426063521/https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/chickens/ |archive-date=April 26, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the United States alone, more than 8 billion chickens are slaughtered each year for meat,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/pg15bd88s |title=Poultry Slaughter Annual Summary |last=Fereira |first=John |website=usda.mannlib.cornell.edu |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426063701/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1497 |archive-date=April 26, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> and more than 300 million chickens are reared for egg production.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/1v53jw96n |title=Chickens and Eggs Annual Summary |last=Fereira |first=John |website=usda.mannlib.cornell.edu |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061324/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1509 |archive-date=April 26, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The vast majority of poultry is raised in [[Intensive animal farming|factory farms]]. According to the [[Worldwatch Institute]], 74% of the world's poultry meat and 68% of eggs are produced this way.<ref>{{cite web |title=Towards Happier Meals In A Globalized World |url=http://www.worldwatch.org/towards-happier-meals-globalized-world |publisher=[[Worldwatch Institute]] |access-date=May 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529153518/http://www.worldwatch.org/towards-happier-meals-globalized-world |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An alternative to intensive poultry farming is [[free-range]] farming. Friction between these two main methods has led to long-term issues of [[ethical consumerism]]. Opponents of [[intensive farming]] argue that it harms the environment, creates human health risks and is inhumane towards [[Sentience in animals|sentient animals]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ilea |first1=Ramona Cristina |title=Intensive Livestock Farming: Global Trends, Increased Environmental Concerns, and Ethical Solutions |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics |date=April 2009 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=153–167 |doi=10.1007/s10806-008-9136-3 |bibcode=2009JAEE...22..153I |s2cid=154306257 }}</ref> Advocates of intensive farming say that their efficient systems save land and food resources owing to increased productivity, and that the animals are looked after in a controlled environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tilman |first1=David |last2=Cassman |first2=Kenneth G. |last3=Matson |first3=Pamela A. |last4=Naylor |first4=Rosamond |last5=Polasky |first5=Stephen |title=Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices |journal=Nature |date=August 2002 |volume=418 |issue=6898 |pages=671–677 |doi=10.1038/nature01014 |pmid=12167873 |bibcode=2002Natur.418..671T |s2cid=3016610 }}</ref> Chickens farmed for meat are called [[broiler]]s. Broiler breeds typically take less than six weeks to reach slaughter size,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animalsaustralia.org/factsheets/broiler_chickens.php |title=Broiler Chickens Fact Sheet |website=Animals Australia |access-date=August 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712123234/http://www.animalsaustralia.org/factsheets/broiler_chickens.php |archive-date=July 12, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> some weeks longer for [[free range]] and [[Organic (food)|organic]] broilers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chickens Farmed for Meat |url=https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/chickens/meat-chickens/ |publisher=[[Compassion in World Farming]] |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921105646/https://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/chickens/meat-chickens/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Florida chicken house.jpg|thumb|A commercial chicken house with open sides raising broiler pullets for meat]]

Chickens farmed primarily for eggs are called layer hens. The UK alone consumes more than 34 million eggs per day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egginfo.co.uk/egg-facts-and-figures/industry-information/data |title=UK Egg Industry Data |website=Official Egg Info |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230000509/https://www.egginfo.co.uk/egg-facts-and-figures/industry-information/data |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hens of some breeds can produce over 300 eggs per year; the highest authenticated rate of egg laying is 371 eggs in 364 days.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glenday |first1=Craig |title=Guinness World Records 2011 |date=April 26, 2011 |publisher=[[Jim Pattison Group]] |isbn=978-0440423102 |page=286}}</ref> After 12 months of laying, the commercial hen's egg-laying ability declines to the point where the flock is commercially unviable. Hens, particularly from [[battery cage]] systems, are sometimes infirm or have lost a significant amount of their feathers, and their life expectancy has been reduced from around seven years to less than two years.<ref name="Browne">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/mar/10/foodanddrink.features1 |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Ten weeks to live |first=Anthony |last=Browne |date=March 10, 2002 |access-date=April 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516080228/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/foodmonthly/story/0,,662799,00.html |archive-date=May 16, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the UK and Europe, laying hens are then slaughtered and used in processed foods, or sold as 'soup hens'.<ref name="Browne" /> In some other countries, flocks are sometimes [[Forced molting|force moulted]] rather than being slaughtered to re-invigorate egg-laying. This involves complete withdrawal of food (and sometimes water) for 7–14 days<ref name="Patwardhan and King, (2011)">{{cite journal |last1=Patwardhan |first1=D. |last2=King |first2=A. |year=2011 |title=Review: feed withdrawal and non feed withdrawal moult |journal=World's Poultry Science Journal |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=253–268 |doi=10.1017/s0043933911000286|s2cid=88353703 }}</ref> or sufficiently long to cause a body weight loss of 25 to 35%,<ref name="Webster, (2003)">{{cite journal |last1=Webster |first1=A.B. |year=2003 |title=Physiology and behavior of the hen during induced moult |journal=Poultry Science |volume=82 |issue=6 |pages=992–1002 |doi=10.1093/ps/82.6.992 |pmid=12817455|doi-access=free }}</ref> or up to 28 days under experimental conditions.<ref name="Molino et al., (2009)">{{cite journal |last1=Molino |first1=A.B. |last2=Garcia |first2=E.A. |last3=Berto |first3=D.A. |last4=Pelícia |first4=K. |last5=Silva |first5=A.P. |last6=Vercese |first6=F. |year=2009 |title=The Effects of Alternative Forced-Molting Methods on The Performance and Egg Quality of Commercial Layers |journal=Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=109–113 |doi=10.1590/s1516-635x2009000200006|doi-access=free |hdl=11449/14340 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> This stimulates the hen to lose her feathers but also re-invigorates egg-production. Some flocks may be force-moulted several times. In 2003, more than 75% of all flocks were moulted in the US.<ref name="Yousaf and Chaudhry, (2008)">{{cite journal |last1=Yousaf |first1=M. |last2=Chaudhry |first2=A.S. |title=History, changing scenarios and future strategies to induce moulting in laying hens |journal=World's Poultry Science Journal |date=March 1, 2008 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.1017/s0043933907001729 |s2cid=34761543 |url=http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/56559/452E6892-26EF-40C6-891B-048E9FE17D2E.pdf |access-date=October 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124090812/https://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/56559/452E6892-26EF-40C6-891B-048E9FE17D2E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Chickens are one of the most efficient sources of foods for many different purposes. 

=== As pets ===
{{seealso|Urban chicken keeping}}
Keeping chickens as pets became increasingly popular in the 2000s<ref>{{cite news |title=Some homeowners find chickens all the rage |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=July 27, 2007 |last=Fly |first=Colin |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1310840201.html?.dids=1310840201:1310840201&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+27,+2007&author=Colin+Fly&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Some+homeowners+find+chickens+all+the+rage&pqatl=google }}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> among urban and suburban residents.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cooped up in suburbia |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=December 16, 2004 |last=Pollack-Fusi |first=Mindy |url=https://www.boston.com/yourlife/home/articles/2004/12/16/cooped_up_in_suburbia/ |access-date=June 4, 2020 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063550/http://www.boston.com/yourlife/home/articles/2004/12/16/cooped_up_in_suburbia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many people obtain chickens for their egg production but often name them and treat them as any other pet like cats or dogs. Chickens provide companionship and have individual personalities. While many do not cuddle much, they will eat from one's hand, jump onto one's lap, respond to and follow their handlers, as well as show affection.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/25/magazine/backyard-chickens-empathy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125101336/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/25/magazine/backyard-chickens-empathy.html |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title = How Caring for Backyard Chickens Stretched My Emotional Muscles|newspaper = The New York Times|date = November 25, 2020|last1 = Kreilkamp|first1 = Ivan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/style/pets/la-hm-pets-chickens-20170827-story.html|title=Chickens will become a beloved pet — just like the family dog|last=Boone|first=Lisa|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 27, 2017|access-date=April 3, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402104824/https://www.latimes.com/style/pets/la-hm-pets-chickens-20170827-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Chickens are social, inquisitive, intelligent<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barras|first=Colin|title=Despite what you might think, chickens are not stupid|url=https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605084929/https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid|archive-date=June 5, 2021|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=www.bbc.com|language=en}}</ref> birds, and many people find their behaviour entertaining.<ref name='UPC good homes' >{{cite web |url=https://www.upc-online.org/home.html |title=Providing a Good Home for Chickens |author=United Poultry Concerns |access-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605061816/http://www.upc-online.org/home.html |archive-date=June 5, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Certain breeds, such as [[silkie]]s and many [[Bantam (poultry)|bantam]] varieties, are generally docile and are often recommended as good pets around children with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.henkeeping.co.uk/henkeeping/choosing-your-chickens/ |website=Clucks and Chooks |title=Choosing Your Chickens |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730222405/http://www.henkeeping.co.uk/which.html |archive-date=July 30, 2009}}</ref>

=== Cockfighting ===

{{main|Cockfight}}

[[File:COCK FIGHT.JPG|thumb|A [[cockfight]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, 2011 ]]

A [[cockfight]] is a contest held in a ring called a cockpit between two cocks. Cockfighting is outlawed in many countries as involving [[cruelty to animals]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Raymond Hernandez |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/11/nyregion/blood-sport-gets-blood-fans-cockfighting-don-t-understand-its-outlaw-status.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=A Blood Sport Gets in the Blood; Fans of Cockfighting Don't Understand Its Outlaw Status |work=The New York Times |location=New York City Metropolitan Area |date=April 11, 1995 |access-date=May 10, 2014}}</ref> The activity seems to have been practised in the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] from 2500 to 2100 BC.<ref name="Crawford 1990">{{cite book |last=Crawford |first=R. D. |title=''Poultry Breeding and Genetics'' |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |year=1990 |pages=10–11 |isbn=978-0444885579 |ol=2207173M |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2207173M/Poultry_breeding_and_genetics |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418123608/https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2207173M/Poultry_breeding_and_genetics |url-status=live }}</ref> In the process of domestication, chickens were apparently kept initially for cockfighting, and only later used for food.<ref name="Lawler Adler 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Lawler |first1=Andrew |last2=Adler |first2=Jerry |title=How the Chicken Conquered the World |journal=Smithsonian Magazine |issue=June 2012 |date=June 2012 |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/ |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031040210/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== In science===

Chickens have long been used as [[model organism]]s to study developing embryos. Large numbers of embryos can be provided commercially; fertilized eggs can easily be opened and used to observe the developing embryo. Equally important, embryologists can carry out experiments on such embryos, close the egg again and study the effects later in development. For instance, many important discoveries in [[limb development]] have been made using chicken embryos, such as the discovery of the [[apical ectodermal ridge]] and the [[zone of polarizing activity]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Young |first1=John J. |last2=Tabin |first2=Clifford J. |title=Saunders's framework for understanding limb development as a platform for investigating limb evolution |journal=Developmental Biology |date=September 2017 |volume=429 |issue=2 |pages=401–408 |doi=10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.005 |pmid=27840200 |pmc=5426996 }}</ref>

The chicken was the first bird species to have its [[genome]] sequenced.<ref>{{cite journal |author=International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium |title=Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution |journal=Nature |date=December 9, 2004 |volume=432 |issue=7018 |pages=695–716 |doi=10.1038/nature03154 |pmid=15592404 |bibcode=2004Natur.432..695C |doi-access=free }}</ref> At 1.21 [[Gigabase|Gb]], the chicken genome is similarly sized compared to other birds, but smaller than nearly all mammals: the [[human genome]] is 3.2 [[Gigabase|Gb]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gregory |first1=T. Ryan |title=Synergy between sequence and size in Large-scale genomics |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=September 2005 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=699–708 |doi=10.1038/nrg1674|pmid=16151375 |s2cid=24237594 }}</ref> The final gene set contained 26,640 genes (including noncoding genes and [[pseudogene]]s), with a total of 19,119 protein-coding genes, a similar number to the human genome.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warren |first1=Wesley C. |last2=Hillier |first2=LaDeana W. |last3=Tomlinson |first3=Chad |last4=Minx |first4=Patrick |last5=Kremitzki |first5=Milinn |last6=Graves |first6=Tina |last7=Markovic |first7=Chris |last8=Bouk |first8=Nathan |last9=Pruitt |first9=Kim D. |last10=Thibaud-Nissen |first10=Francoise |last11=Schneider |first11=Valerie |last12=Mansour |first12=Tamer A. |display-authors=6 |title=A New Chicken Genome Assembly Provides Insight into Avian Genome Structure |journal=G3 |date=January 2017 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=109–117 |doi=10.1534/g3.116.035923 |pmid=27852011 |pmc=5217101 }}</ref> In 2006, scientists researching the ancestry of birds switched on a chicken [[recessive gene]], ''talpid2'', and found that the embryo jaws initiated formation of teeth, like those found in ancient bird fossils.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=1666805 Scientists Find Chickens Retain Ancient Ability to Grow Teeth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620230515/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=1666805 |date=June 20, 2008 }} Ammu Kannampilly, [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], February 27, 2006. Retrieved October 1, 2007.</ref>

=== In culture, folklore, and religion ===

{{Anchor|Crowing|Cockadoodledoo|Cocka-doodle-doo}}

{{main|Cultural references to chickens}}

Chickens are featured widely in [[folklore]], [[religion]], [[literature]], and popular culture. The chicken is a sacred animal in many cultures and deeply embedded in belief systems and religious practices.<ref name="smithsonianmag.com">{{cite magazine |last1=Adler |first1=Jerry |last2=Lawler |first2=Andrew |date=June 2012 |title=How the Chicken Conquered the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/ |magazine=Smithsonian |access-date=May 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103193648/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/How-the-Chicken-Conquered-the-World.html |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Roosters are sometimes used for [[divination]], a practice called alectryomancy. This involves the sacrifice of a sacred rooster, often during a ritual [[cockfight]], used as a form of communication with the gods.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvVPAAAAMAAJ&q=Alectryomancy+cockfight&pg=PA394 |title=Encyclopædia Perthensis; Or Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c. Intended to Supersede the Use of Other Books of Reference |publisher=John Brown |year=1816 |edition=2nd |volume=1 |page=394 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921105802/https://books.google.com/books?id=vvVPAAAAMAAJ&q=Alectryomancy+cockfight&pg=PA394#v=snippet&q=Alectryomancy%20cockfight&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Gabriel García Márquez]]'s Nobel-Prize-winning 1967 novel ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'', cockfighting is outlawed in the town of Macondo after the patriarch of the Buendia family murders his cockfighting rival and is haunted by the man's ghost.<ref>{{cite news |title=Love and Immolation in Argentina |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1981/08/16/love-and-immolation-in-argentina/9cf0bdac-cfc3-4198-8824-d89d5e059c55/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=August 16, 1981 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827142619/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1981/08/16/love-and-immolation-in-argentina/9cf0bdac-cfc3-4198-8824-d89d5e059c55/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Chicken joke]]s have been made at least since ''[[The Knickerbocker]]'' published one in 1847.<ref>''The Knickerbocker, or The New York Monthly'', March 1847, p. 283.</ref> Chickens have been featured in art in farmyard scenes such as [[Adriaen van Utrecht]]'s 1646 ''Turkeys and Chickens'' and [[Walter Osborne]]'s 1885 ''Feeding the Chickens''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kellogg |first1=Diane M. |title=Chickens in Art History |url=https://www.paintingworldmag.com/post/chickens-in-art-history |publisher=Painting World Magazine |access-date=February 2, 2024 |date=May 22, 2020 |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202161615/https://www.paintingworldmag.com/post/chickens-in-art-history |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[nursery rhyme]] "[[Cock a doodle doo]]", its chorus line imitating the cockerel's call, was published in ''[[Mother Goose's Melody]]'' in 1765.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Opie |first1=Iona |last2=Opie |first2=Peter |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |orig-year=1951 |edition=2nd |year=1997 |page=128}}</ref> 
The 2000 animated [[adventure film|adventure]] [[comedy film]] ''[[Chicken Run]]'', directed by [[Peter Lord]] and [[Nick Park]], featured [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] chickens with many chicken jokes.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |date=December 4, 2000 |title=Run, Chicken Run! |language=en-US |magazine=Time |url=https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2047283,00.html |access-date=March 23, 2023 |issn=0040-781X |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124033415/https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2047283,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/61096|title=AFI&#124;Catalog|access-date=August 17, 2018|archive-date=August 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817060102/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/61096|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/amp/Chicken-Recipe-Simply-Divine-Action-comedy-3239861.php|title='Chicken' Recipe Simply Divine / Action comedy blends great story, animation |website=SFGate |date=June 21, 2000 |access-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214504/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/amp/Chicken-Recipe-Simply-Divine-Action-comedy-3239861.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=200 heights=180>
File:Terracotta askos (flask) in the form of a rooster MET DP252108 (cropped).jpg|[[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] askos in the form of a rooster, 4th century B.C.
File:Rooster and hen, Dong Ho picture, paper - Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts - Hanoi, Vietnam - DSC05287.JPG|Rooster and hen, [[Đông Hồ painting|Đông Hồ folk woodcut]], Vietnam
File:Feeding the chickens, by Walter Frederick Osborne.jpg|''Feeding the chickens'' by [[Walter Osborne]], 1885
File:Joseph Crawhall - Spanish Cock And Snail.jpg|[[Joseph Crawhall III]], ''Spanish Cock and Snail'', c. 1900
File:Chicken Mask Bali.jpg|Wooden chicken mask, [[Bali]], late 20th century
File:Yoruba Cockfight.jpg|Carved and painted wooden tribal statue of a cock fight, [[Yoruba culture|Yoruba]], West Africa, c. 2000
File:France-001717 - Gallic Rooster (15030544244).jpg|Rooster sculpture, Bordeaux, France. The bird is a symbol of the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why is France's emblem a rooster? |url=https://www.ensemble-en-france.org/en/rooster-french-symbol/ |website=Ensemble en France |date=September 11, 2019 |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref>
</gallery>