Editing Chickasaw (section)

====Post–Civil War====
[[File:FredWaite.jpg|thumb|[[Fred Waite|Fred Tecumseh Waite]], a cowboy and Chickasaw Nation statesman]]
Because the Chickasaw allied with the Confederacy, after the Civil War the United States government required the nation to make a new peace treaty in 1866. It included the provision that they [[emancipate]] the [[Slavery in the United States|enslaved African Americans]] and provide full citizenship to those who wanted to stay in the Chickasaw Nation.

These people and their descendants became known as the [[Chickasaw Freedmen]]. Descendants of the Freedmen continue to live in Oklahoma. Today, the Choctaw-Chickasaw Freedmen Association of Oklahoma represents the interests of Freedmen descendants in both of these tribes.<ref>[http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/8-chocfreed.htm The Choctaw Freedmen of Oklahoma], african-nativeamerican.com. (accessed October 17, 2013)</ref>

But the Chickasaw Nation never granted citizenship to the Chickasaw Freedmen.<ref>{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Alaina E.|title=A federal court has ruled blood cannot determine tribal citizenship. Here's why that matters.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/09/07/a-federal-court-has-ruled-blood-cannot-determine-tribal-citizenship-heres-why-that-matters/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 7, 2017|access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref> The only way that African Americans could become citizens at that time was to have one or more Chickasaw parents or to petition for citizenship and go through the process available to other non-Natives, even if they were of known partial Chickasaw descent in an earlier generation. Because the Chickasaw Nation did not provide citizenship to their Freedmen after the Civil War (it would have been akin to formal adoption of individuals into the tribe), they were penalized by the U.S. Government. It took more than half of their territory, with no compensation. They lost territory that had been negotiated in treaties in exchange for their use after removal from the Southeast.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}