Editing Chechnya (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Chechen Republic population pyramid.gif|thumb|Chechen Republic population pyramid]]

{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Sources: Census data, estimate<ref name=2025estimate>{{cite web|title=Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2025 года|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Сhisl_MO_01-01-2025.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref>
|[[1926 Soviet census|1926]] | 510055
|[[1959 Soviet census|1959]] | 710424
|[[1970 Soviet census|1970]] | 1064471
|[[1979 Soviet census|1979]] | 1153450
|[[1989 Soviet census|1989]] | 1275513
|[[2002 Russian census|2002]] | 1103686
|[[2010 Russian census|2010]] | 1268989
|[[2021 Russian census|2021]] | 1510824
|2025 | 1576552
}}
According to the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]], the population of the republic is 1,510,824,<ref name="2021census" /> up from 1,268,989 in the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]].<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> As of the 2021 Census,<ref name="census2021">{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref> [[Chechen people|Chechens]] at 1,456,792 make up 96.4% of the republic's population. Other groups include [[Russians]] (18,225, or 1.2%), [[Kumyks]] (12,184, or 0.8%) and a host of other small groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. The birth rate was 25.41 in 2004. (25.7 in Achkhoi Martan, 19.8 in Groznyy, 17.5 in Kurchaloi, 28.3 in Urus Martan and 11.1 in [[Vedeno]]).

The languages used in the Republic are [[Chechen language|Chechen]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Chechen belongs to the Vaynakh or [[North-central Caucasian languages|North-central Caucasian]] language family, which also includes [[Ingush language|Ingush]] and [[Batsb language|Batsb]]. Some scholars place it in a wider [[North Caucasian languages]].

===Life expectancy===
{{See also|List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy}}
[[File:RIAN archive 908389 Victory Day parade in Russian Regions.jpg|thumb|upright|Chechen [[World War II]] veterans in Grozny, during celebrations on the [[Victory Day (9 May)|66th anniversary of victory]] in the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Great Patriotic War]].]]

Despite its difficult past, Chechnya has a high [[life expectancy]], one of the highest in Russia. But the pattern of life expectancy is unusual, and in according to numerous statistics, Chechnya stands out from the overall picture. In 2020, Chechnya had the deepest fall in life expectancy, but in 2021 it had the biggest rise. Chechnya has the highest excess of life expectancy in rural areas over cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |title=Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |access-date=1 June 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31293 |title=Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении |website=Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia |access-date=1 June 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=Life expectancy at birth |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220124657/https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31293 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|style="text-align: center;"
!
! style="width:7em;"|2019
! style="width:7em;"|2021
|-
| style="text-align: left;"|Average:
| 75.9 years
| 73.0 years
|-
| style="text-align: left;"|Male:
| 73.6 years
| 70.5 years
|-
| style="text-align: left;"|Female:
| 78.0 years
| 75.3 years
|}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Chechnya.png|Life expectancy at birth in Chechnya
File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Chechnya -diff.png|Life expectancy with calculated differences
File:Life expectancy in Russia -Chechnya.png|Life expectancy in Chechnya in comparison with neighboring regions of the country
File:Comparison of life expectancy in Russian subjects by sex.svg|Interactive chart of comparison of male and female life expectancy for 2021. Open the [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Comparison_of_life_expectancy_in_Russian_subjects_by_sex.svg original svg-file] in a separate window and hover over a bubble to highlight it.
File:Comparison of life expectancy in Russian subjects by type of settlement.svg|Analogious interactive chart of comparison of urban and rural life expectancy.<br>[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Comparison_of_life_expectancy_in_Russian_subjects_by_type_of_settlement.svg Original interactive file].
</gallery>

===Settlements===
{{Largest cities
| country      = Chechnya
| stat_ref     = 2021 Russian Census
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     =
| div_link     = Administrative divisions of Chechnya{{!}}Administrative division
| city_1       = Grozny
| div_1        = Grozny{{!}}City of republic significance of Grozny
| pop_1        = 328,533
| img_1        = Мечеть "Сердце Чечни".jpg
| city_2       = Gudermes
| div_2        = Gudermessky District
| pop_2        = 64,376
| img_2        = Gudermes City4.jpg
| city_3       = Urus-Martan
| div_3        = Urus-Martanovsky District
| pop_3        = 63,449
| img_3        = Хьалха-Марта къилба агlор.png
| city_4       = Shali, Chechen Republic{{!}}Shali
| div_4        = Shalinsky District, Chechen Republic{{!}}Shalinsky District
| pop_4        = 55,054
| img_4        = Pride of Muslims mosque Shali.jpg
| city_5       = Argun, Chechen Republic{{!}}Argun
| div_5        = Argun, Chechen Republic{{!}}Town of republic significance of Argun
| pop_5        = 41,622
| city_6       = Achkhoy-Martan
| div_6        = Achkhoy-Martanovsky District
| pop_6        = 30,739
| city_7       = Kurchaloy
| div_7        = Kurchaloyevsky District
| pop_7        = 23,425
| city_8       = Oyskhara
| div_8        = Gudermessky District
| pop_8        = 19,415
| city_9       = Goyty
| div_9        = Urus-Martanovsky District
| pop_9        = 19,198
| city_10      = Avtury
| div_10       = Shalinsky District, Chechnya
| pop_10       = 18,446

}}

===Vital statistics===
[[File:Caucasus-ethnic en.svg|thumb|right|[[Ethnic groups in the Caucasus|Ethnolinguistic groups in the Caucasus Region]]]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! style="width:70pt;" | Average population (x 1000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Live births
! style="width:70pt;" | Deaths
! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change
! style="width:70pt;" | Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:70pt;" | Total fertility rate
|-
| 2003
|  1,117
| 27,774 || 7,194 ||  20 580
| 24.9 ||  6.4 ||  18.4
|-
| 2004
|  1,133
|  28,496 ||  6,347 ||  22,149
|  25.2 ||  5.6 ||  19.5
|-
| 2005
|  1,150
|  28,652 ||  5,857 ||  22,795
| 24.9 ||  5.1 ||  19.8
|-
| 2006
|  1,167
| 27,989 ||  5,889 ||  22,100
|  24.0 ||  5.0 ||  18.9
|-
| 2007
| 1,187
|  32,449 ||  5,630 ||  26,819
|  27.3 ||  4.7 ||  22.6 || 3.18
|-
| 2008
|  1,210
|  35,897 ||  5,447 ||  30,450
|  29.7 ||  4.5 ||  25.2 || 3.44
|-
| 2009
|  1,235
|  36,523 ||  6,620 || 29,903
| 29.6 ||  5.4 ||  24.2 || 3.41
|-
| 2010
|  1,260
|  37,753 || 7,042 ||  30,711
| 30.0 || 5.6 ||  24.4 || 3.45
|-
| 2011
| 1,289
|  37,335 || 6,810 ||  30,525
| 28.9 || 5.3 || 23.6 || 3.36
|-
| 2012
| 1,314
|  34,385 || 7,192 ||  27,193
| 26.2 || 5.5 || 20.7 || 3.08
|-
| 2013
| 1,336
|  32,963 || 6,581 ||  26,382
| 24.7 || 4.9 || 19.8 || 2.93
|-
| 2014
| 1,358
|  32,949 || 6,864 ||  26,085
| 24.3 || 5.1 || 19.2 || 2.91
|-
| 2015
| 1,383
|  32,057 || 6,728 ||  25,329
| 23.2 || 4.9 || 18.3 || 2.80
|-
| 2016
| 1,404
|  29,893 || 6,630 ||  23,263
| 21.3 || 4.7 || 16.6 || 2.62
|-
| 2017
| 1,425
|  29,890 || 6,586 ||  23,304
| 21.0 || 4.6 || 16.4 || 2.73
|-
| 2018
| 1,444
|  29,883 || 6,430 ||  23,453
| 20.6 || 4.4 || 16.2 || 2.60
|-
| 2019
| 1,467
|  28,145 || 6,357 ||  21,788
| 19.2 || 4.3 || 14.9 || 2.58
|-
| 2020
| 1,488
|  30,111 || 9,188 ||  20,923
| 20.2 || 6.2 || 14.0 || 2.57
|-
| 2021
| 1,509
|  30,345 || 8,904 ||  21,441
| 20.1 || 5.9 || 14.2 || 2.50
|-
| 2022
|
|  30,821 || 7,370 ||  23,451
| 20.2 || 4.8 || 15.4 || 2.74
|-
| 2023
|
|  30,418 || 6,583 ||  23,835
| 19.7 || 4.3 || 15.4 || 2.66
|-
| 2024
|
|  31,293 || 7,228 ||  24,065
| 20.0 || 4.6 || 15.4 || 2.71
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source:'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости |url=https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31517 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402092434/https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31517 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |url-status=dead |publisher=Fedstat |access-date=5 August 2022 }}</ref>
|}

===Ethnic groups===
(In the territory of modern Chechnya)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnchechenia.html |title=НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ЧЕЧНИ |publisher=Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru |access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|failed=y|date=April 2013}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | 1926 Census
! colspan="2" | 1939 Census<sup>2</sup>
! colspan="2" | 1959 Census<sup>2</sup>
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census
! colspan="2" | 2021 Census<sup>1</sup>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
! Number
!%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Chechen people|Chechens]]
| 293,298
| 67.3%
| 360,889
| 58.0%
| 238,331
| 39.7%
| 499,962
| 54.7%
| 602,223
| 60.1%
| 715,306
| 66.0%
| 1,031,647
| 93.5%
| 1,206,551
| 95.3%
| 1,456,792
| 96.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Russians]]
| 103,271
| 23.5%
| 213,354
| 34.3%
| 296,794
| 49.4%
| 327,701
| 35.8%
| 307,079
| 30.6%
| 269,130
| 24.8%
| 40,645
| 3.7%
| 24,382
| 1.9%
| 18,225
| 1.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kumyks]]
| 2,217
| 0.5%
| 3,575
| 0.6%
|
|
| 6,865
| 0.8%
| 7,808
| 0.8%
| 9,591
| 0.9%
| 8,883
| 0.8%
| 12,221
| 1.0%
| 12,184
| 0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]]
| 830
| 0.2%
| 2,906
| 0.5%
|
|
| 4,196
| 0.5%
| 4,793
| 0.5%
| 6,035
| 0.6%
| 4,133
| 0.4%
| 4,864
| 0.4%
| 4,079
| 0.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Nogais]]
| 162
| 0.0%
| 1,302
| 0.2%
|
|
| 5,503
| 0.6%
| 6,079
| 0.6%
| 6,885
| 0.6%
| 3,572
| 0.3%
| 3,444
| 0.3%
| 2,819
| 0.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Ingush people|Ingush]]
| 798
| 0.2%
| 4,338
| 0.7%
| 3,639
| 0.6%
| 14,543
| 1.6%
| 20,855
| 2.1%
| 25,136
| 2.3%
| 2,914
| 0.3%
| 1,296
| 0.1%
| 1,100
| 0.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Ukrainians]]
| 11,474
| 2.6%
| 8,614
| 1.4%
| 11,947
| 2.0%
| 11,608
| 1.3%
| 11,334
| 1.1%
| 11,884
| 1.1%
| 829
| 0.1%
| rowspan="3" | 13,716
| rowspan="3" | 1.1%
| rowspan="3" | 15,625
| rowspan="3" | 1.0%
|-
| align="left" | [[Armenians]]
| 5,978
| 1.4%
| 8,396
| 1.3%
| 12,136
| 2.0%
| 13,948
| 1.5%
| 14,438
| 1.4%
| 14,666
| 1.4%
| 424
| 0.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Others
| 18,840
| 4.13%
| 18,646
| 3.0%
| 37,550
| 6.3%
| 30,057
| 3.3%
| 27,621
| 2.8%
| 25,800
| 2.4%
| 10,639
| 1.0%
|-
| colspan="19" style="text-align:left;" | <sup>1</sup> <small>2,515 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Перепись-2010: русских становится больше |publisher=Perepis-2010.ru |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<sup>2</sup> <small>Practically all{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} [[Chechen people|Chechen]] and [[Ingush people]] were deported to [[Central Asia]] in 1944. They were, however, allowed to return to the [[Northern Caucasus]] in 1957 by [[Nikita Khrushchev]]. See [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush]].</small>
|}

===Religion===
====Islam====
[[File:The Heart of Chechnya Mosque (18 May 2013).jpg|thumb|The [[Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque|"Heart of Chechnya" Mosque]] in Grozny, 2013]]
[[File:Tour of the Prophet Isa Mosque - 04.jpg|thumb|Chechnya's [[mufti]] [[Salah Mezhiev]] (right) with [[Ramzan Kadyrov]] (left) and [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] (center) at the Prophet Isa Mosque in Grozny, 20 August 2024]]

[[Sunni Islam]] is the predominant religion in Chechnya, practiced by 95% of those polled in Grozny in 2010.<ref name="Roshchin">{{cite book |surname=Roshchin |given=Mikhail |surname2=Lunkin |given2=Roman |year=2005 |chapter=Ислам в Чеченской Республике |trans-chapter=Islam in the Chechen Republic |editor-surname=Bourdeaux |editor-given=Michael |editor-surname2=Filatov |editor-given2=Sergei |title=Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания |trans-title=Contemporary Religious Life of Russia. Systematic description experience |place=Moscow |publisher=[[Keston Institute]]; Logos |volume=3 |pages=152–169 |language=ru |isbn=5-98704-044-2}}</ref><ref name="Caucasus Times survey 2010">{{cite web|url=https://caucasustimes.com/ru/v-chechne-nabljudaetsja-vysokaja-stepen-r/ |series=Caucasus Times poll |date=16 May 2010 |access-date=10 April 2017 |work=Caucasus Times|script-title=ru:В Чечне наблюдается высокая степень религиозной нетерпимости|language=ru|trans-title=High degree of religious intolerance observed in Chechnya}}</ref> Most of the population is Sunni and follows either the [[Shafi'i]] or the [[Hanafi]] schools of [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]].<ref>{{cite news |last=McDermott |first=Roger |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3334 |title=Shafi'i and Hanafi schools of jurisprudence in Chechnya |newspaper=Jamestown |publisher=Jamestown.org |access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref> The Shafi'i school of jurisprudence has a long tradition among the Chechens, and thus it remains the most practiced.<ref>{{cite book |last=Balzer |first=Marjorie Mandelstam |title=Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader |isbn=9780765629319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEufvUyRcygC&q=Shafi+Chechens&pg=PA113|date=9 November 2009 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2372572 |title=The Kremlin's War on Islamic Education in the North Caucasus |author=Mairbek Vatchagaev |date=8 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011204749/http://jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2372572 |archive-date=11 October 2007}} Chechnya Weekly, Volume 7, Issue 34 (8 September 2006)</ref> Many Chechens are also [[Sufism|Sufis]], of either the [[Qadiri]] or [[Naqshbandi]] orders.<ref name="Roshchin" />

Following the [[collapse of the Soviet Union]], there has been an [[Islamic revival]] in Chechnya, and in 2011 it was estimated that there were 465 mosques, including the [[Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque]] in Grozny accommodating 10,000 worshippers, as well 31 [[madrasas]], including an Islamic university named [[Kunta-haji]], the [[Kurchaloy Islamic Institute]] named Akhmad Kadyrov, and the Center of Islamic Medicine in Grozny, which is the largest such institution in Europe.<ref>Nazgul A. Mingisheva and Yesbossyn M. Smagulov, "Chechnya" in Mark Juergensmeyer and Wade Clark Roof, ''Encyclopedia of Global Religion'', Volume 1, SAGE, 2012, p. 193.</ref> A supreme Islamic administrative territorial organisation in Chechnya is the [[Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic]] or the Muftiate of the Chechen Republic.<ref name="Roshchin" />

====Christianity====
{{Main|Christianity in Russia}}
{{Further|History of Chechnya#Religion|Mongol invasions of Durdzuketia#Religious implications}}
[[File:Церковь Михаила Архангела, Грозный.jpg|thumb|[[Church of Saint Michael the Archangel in Grozny]]]]

From the 11th to 13th centuries (i.e. before [[Mongol invasions of Durdzuketia]]), there was a mission of [[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodox]] missionaries to the Nakh peoples. Their success was limited, though a couple of highland [[teip]]s [[Conversion to Christianity|did convert to Christianity]] (conversion was largely by teips). However, during the [[Mongol invasions of Durdzuketia]], these Christianized teips gradually reverted to [[Paganism]], perhaps due to the loss of [[Transcaucasia]]n contacts, as the Georgians fought the [[Mongols]] and briefly fell under their dominion.

The once-strong Russian minority in Chechnya, mostly [[Terek Cossacks]] and estimated as numbering approximately 25,000 in 2012, are predominantly [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]], although currently only one church exists in Grozny. In August 2011, Archbishop Zosima of [[Vladikavkaz]] and [[Makhachkala]] performed the first mass [[baptism]] ceremony in the history of the Chechen Republic in the [[Terek River]] of [[Naursky District]], in which 35 citizens of Naursky and Shelkovsky districts were converted to Russian Orthodoxy.<ref>Interfax Information Services Group. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=8678 "Chechnya saw the first mass baptism in its today's history"]. Retrieved 9 July 2012.</ref> As of 2020, there are eight [[Eastern Orthodox Christianity|Eastern Orthodox churches]] in Chechnya, the largest is the temple of the [[Church of Saint Michael the Archangel in Grozny|Archangel Michael]] in Grozny.