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==References== {{reflist |colwidth=36em |refs= <ref name="malamud2017">{{cite journal |last1=Malamud |first1=Uri |last2=Perets |first2=Hagai B. |last3=Schubert |first3=Gerald |title=The contraction/expansion history of Charon with implications for its planetary-scale tectonic belt |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=468 |issue=1 |pages=1056–1069 |year=2017 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stx546 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017MNRAS.468.1056M|arxiv=1603.00875 }}</ref> <ref name="nasa2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/a-super-grand-canyon-on-pluto-s-moon-charon|title=A 'Super Grand Canyon' on Pluto's Moon Charon|last=Keeter|first=Bill|date=June 23, 2016|work=NASA|access-date=August 3, 2017|language=en|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617080826/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/a-super-grand-canyon-on-pluto-s-moon-charon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="skyandtelescope2015">{{cite news |last=Beatty |first=Kelly |url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/charon-cracked-cratered-and-crazy-100220155/ |title=Charon: Cracked, Cratered, and Colorful |work=Sky and Telescope |date=October 2, 2015 |access-date=October 3, 2015 }}</ref> <ref name="physorgmordor">{{cite web |last1=Howett |first1=Carley |title=New Horizons probes the mystery of Charon's red pole |url=http://phys.org/news/2015-09-horizons-probes-mystery-charon-red.html |access-date=September 16, 2015 |date=September 11, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="NYTmountains">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/15/science/space/new-horizons-pluto-flyby-photos.html |title=New Horizons Reveals Ice Mountains on Pluto |first=Jonathan |last=Corum |date=July 15, 2015 |work=The New York Times |access-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="NBC1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/pluto-photo-n392691 |title=New Horizons Photos Show Pluto's Ice Mountains and Charon's Huge Crater |work=NBC News |date=July 15, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="theweekmordor">{{cite web |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/566694/new-horizons-team-refers-dark-patch-plutos-moon-mordor |title=The New Horizons team refers to a dark patch on Pluto's moon as 'Mordor' |work=The Week |date=July 15, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="ice">{{cite web |title=Charon: An ice machine in the ultimate deep freeze |work=Gemini Observatory |year=2007 |url= http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0707/17charon/ |access-date=July 18, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Buie_2006"> {{cite journal |doi=10.1086/504422 |last1=Buie |first1=Marc W. |last2=Grundy |first2=William M. |last3=Young |first3=Eliot F. |last4=Young |first4=Leslie A. |last5=Stern |first5=S. Alan |date=June 5, 2006 |title=Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=290–298 |bibcode=2006AJ....132..290B |arxiv=astro-ph/0512491|s2cid=119386667 }}</ref> <!--<ref name="Buie2012"> {{cite journal |title=The Orbit of Charon is Circular |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=June 7, 2012 |volume=144 |pages=15 |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/15 |bibcode=2012AJ....144...15B |last1=Buie |first1=M. |last2=Tholen |first2=D. |last3=Grundy |first3=W.}}</ref>--> <ref name="moonplanet">{{Cite web |last=Roy Britt |first=Robert |date=August 18, 2006 |title=Earth's moon could become a planet |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/TECH/space/08/18/moon.planet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002221231/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/TECH/space/08/18/moon.planet/ |archive-date=October 2, 2012 |access-date=November 25, 2009 |publisher=CNN Science & Space}}</ref> <ref name="NixHydra">{{cite web |last1=Stern |first1=Alan |first2=Hal |last2=Weaver |first3=Max |last3=Mutchler |first4=Andrew |last4=Steffl |first5=Bill |last5=Merline |first6=Marc |last6=Buie |first7=John |last7=Spencer |first8=Eliot |last8=Young |first9=Leslie |last9=Young |date=May 15, 2005 |url = http://www.boulder.swri.edu/plutomoons/ |title=Background Information Regarding Our Two Newly Discovered Satellites of Pluto |website=Planetary Science Directorate |publisher=Southwest Research Institute, Boulder Office |access-date=August 30, 2006}}</ref> <ref name="cook2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Jason C. |last2=Desch |first2=Steven J. |last3=Roush |first3=Ted L. |last4=Trujillo |first4=Chadwick A. |last5=Geballe |first5=T. R. |date=2007-07-10 |title=Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Charon: Possible Evidence for Cryovolcanism on Kuiper Belt Objects |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=663 |issue=2 |pages=1406–1419 |bibcode=2007ApJ...663.1406C |doi=10.1086/518222 |issn=0004-637X |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="JPL_Pluto"> {{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem#pluto |website=Solar System Dynamics |title=Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters — Satellites of Pluto |publisher=NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory |date=August 23, 2013 |access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> <ref name="IAU_DP">{{cite web |title=Pluto and the Developing Landscape of Our Solar System |url=http://www.iau.org/public/themes/pluto/ |publisher=IAU |access-date=July 10, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Stern_2015"> {{cite journal |title=The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons |first1=S.A. |last1=Stern |first2=F. |last2=Bagenal |first3=K. |last3=Ennico |first4=G.R. |last4=Gladstone |first5=W.M. |last5=Grundy |first6=W.B. |last6=McKinnon |first7=J.M. |last7=Moore |first8=C.B. |last8=Olkin |first9=J.R. |last9=Spencer |journal=Science |date=October 16, 2015 |pmid=26472913 |pages=aad1815 |volume=350 |issue=6258 |doi=10.1126/science.aad1815 |arxiv=1510.07704 |bibcode=2015Sci...350.1815S |s2cid=1220226 }}</ref> <ref name="Stern_2017"> {{Cite journal |first1=S.A. |last1=Stern |first2=W. |last2=Grundy |first3=W.B. |last3=McKinnon |first4=H.A. |last4=Weaver |first5=L.A. |last5=Young |date=December 15, 2017 |title=The Pluto System After New Horizons |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=56 |pages=357–392 |arxiv=1712.05669 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051935 |bibcode=2018ARA&A..56..357S |s2cid=119072504 }}</ref> <ref name="Nimmo2017"> {{cite journal |title=Mean radius and shape of Pluto and Charon from ''New Horizons'' images |last1=Nimmo |first1=F. |last2=Umurhan |first2=O. |last3=Lisse |first3=C.M. |last4=Bierson |first4=C.J. |last5=Lauer |first5=T.R. |last6=Buie |first6=M.W. |last7=Throop |first7=H.B. |last8=Kammer |first8=J.A. |last9=Roberts |first9=J.H. |last10=McKinnon |first10=W.B. |last11=Zangari |first11=A.M. |last12=Moore |first12=J.M. |last13=Stern |first13=S.A. |last14=Young |first14=L.A. |last15=Weaver |first15=H.A. |last16=Olkin |first16=C.B. |last17=Ennico |first17=K. |author18=and the New Horizons GGI team |journal=Icarus |volume=287 |date=May 1, 2017 |pages=12–29 |arxiv=1603.00821 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.027 |bibcode=2017Icar..287...12N |s2cid=44935431 }}</ref> <ref name="Sutherland_2019"> {{Cite journal |first1=A.P. |last1=Sutherland |first2=K.M. |last2=Kratter |date=May 29, 2019 |title=Instabilities in Multi-Planet Circumbinary Systems |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=487 |issue=3 |pages=3288–3304 |arxiv=1905.12638 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz1503 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019MNRAS.487.3288S |s2cid=170078974 }}</ref> <ref name="bagheri2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Bagheri |first1=Amirhossein |last2=Khan |first2=Amir |last3=Deschamps |first3=Frédéric |last4=Samuel |first4=Henri |last5=Kruglyakov |first5=Mikhail |last6=Giardini |first6=Domenico |date=2022 |title=The tidal–thermal evolution of the Pluto–Charon system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001910352100508X |journal=Icarus |series= |language=en |volume=376|pages=|bibcode=2022Icar..37614871B |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114871 |arxiv=2109.13206 |issn=}}</ref> <ref name="desch2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Desch |first1=S. J. |last2=Neveu |first2=M. |date=2017 |title=Differentiation and cryovolcanism on Charon: A view before and after New Horizons |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103516307904 |journal=Icarus |series= |language=en |volume=287|pages=175–186|bibcode= 2017Icar..287..175D|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.037|issn=}}</ref> <ref name="holler2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Holler |first1=B.J. |last2=Young |first2=L.A. |last3=Buie |first3=M.W |last4=Grundy |first4=W.M. |last5=Lyke |first5=J.E. |last6=Young |first6=E.F. |last7=Roe |first7=H.G. |date=2017 |title=Measuring temperature and ammonia hydrate ice on Charon in 2015 from Keck/OSIRIS spectra |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103516302913|journal=Icarus |series= |language=en |volume=284|pages=394–406|bibcode=2017Icar..284..394H |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.003|arxiv=1606.05695 |s2cid=118534504 |issn=}}</ref> <ref name="Brozovic2024">{{cite journal |last1=Brozović |first1=Marina |last2=Jacobson |first2=Robert A. |title=Post-new-horizons Orbits and Masses for the Satellites of Pluto |date=8 May 2024 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=167 |issue=256 |page=256 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ad39f0 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024AJ....167..256B }}</ref> }}
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