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Charles Edward Stuart
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==Cultural depictions== Charles has been depicted in painting since the 18th century, much of it belonging to [[Romanticism]] and later Victorian representations of the Jacobites.{{sfn|Coltman|2019|p=147}}<ref name="Teulié">{{cite journal |last1=Teulié |first1=Gilles |date=2007 |title=Victorian Representations of War |journal= Cahiers Victoriens et Édouardiens|issue= 66 Automne|doi=10.4000/cve.10379 |s2cid=249113802 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Charles's departure from Scotland in 1746 is depicted in an engraving of a painting by [[Francis William Topham]], {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839/Prince Charles Edward|Prince Charles Edward, bidding adieu to his friends]]}}{{efn|name=Topham|published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839, with a poetical illustration by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]].<ref>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA18|section=picture|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA21|section=poetical illustration|page=29|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref>}} In 1892, [[John Pettie]] painted Charles entering the Ballroom at Holyroodhouse. Charles and the Jacobites would also be depicted in numerous drawings, prints and on objects, his likeness and coat of arms even depicted on objects such as engraved drinking glasses.{{sfn|Coltman|2019|p=149-158}}<ref name="Archives">{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/jacobite-1745/jacobite-wine-glasses/ |title=Jacobite wine glasses |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref> Charles has been depicted on stage as well as in film and television. He was portrayed by [[David Niven]] in the 1948 semi-biographical film ''[[Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948 film)|Bonnie Prince Charlie]]''.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=xv}} Charles was also portrayed by [[Andrew Gower]] in the historical dramatic series ''[[Outlander (TV series)|Outlander]]'', based upon [[Diana Gabaldon]]'s book series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/outlander-q-andrew-gower-playing-bonnie-prince-charlie/|title=Outlander' Q&A: Andrew Gower on Playing Bonnie Prince Charlie|website=Access Hollywood|date=15 May 2016 |access-date=2017-06-12|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043029/https://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/outlander-q-andrew-gower-playing-bonnie-prince-charlie/|url-status=live}}</ref> His life has formed a component of numerous historical plays, including ''For Bonnie Prince Charlie'' (1897), the ''Young Pretender'' (1996) and ''The Glory'' (2000).<ref name="VU">{{cite web|url=https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/253670 |title=For Bonnie Prince Charlie, starring Julia Marlowe & Robert Taber, 1897 |publisher=Vanderbilt University |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="TES">{{cite web|url=https://www.tes.com/magazine/archive/finding-glory-tale-prince-charlie|title=Finding glory in the tale of Prince Charlie |publisher=[[TES (magazine)|TES]] |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Herald">{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12060173.new-pretender-avoids-toll-with-boat-crossing/|title=New Pretender avoids toll with boat crossing |date=29 May 1996 |publisher=Herald Scotland |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref> The legacy of Charles Stuart and his role in Jacobitism has also influenced songs and music.{{sfn|Silverman|2010|page=69}} Examples include the folk songs "{{lang|ga|[[Óró sé do bheatha abhaile]]|italic=no}}", "[[Bonnie Charlie]]", "[[Wha'll be King but Charlie?]]" and "[[Charlie Is My Darling (song)|Charlie is my darling]]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=Simon |title=Airs and Melodies peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland and the Isles |url=https://archive.org/details/airsmelodiespecu00fras |date=1816 |location=Edinburgh|page=47}}</ref>{{sfn|Silverman|2010|page=66}}<ref name="RCTSong">{{cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Charlie%20he%27s%20my%20darling%20-%20song%20sheet.pdf |title=Charlie, he's my darling |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref> Charles's subsequent flight from Scotland is commemorated in "[[The Skye Boat Song]]" by the English author [[Harold Boulton|Sir Harold Edwin Boulton]] and in the Irish song "[[Mo Ghile Mear]]" by [[Seán Clárach Mac Domhnaill]].{{sfn|Silverman|2010|page=65}} The popular song ''[[My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean]]'' could be in reference to him as a way to refer to him but also to any woman.<ref>{{cite book |title=Governments of greater European powers: a comparative study of the governments and political culture of Great Britain, France, Germany, and the Soviet Union, Volume 1 |author=Herman Finer |page=178 |publisher=Holt |year=1956}}</ref> It was covered by [[Tony Sheridan]] and [[the Beatles]] in 1961.<ref name="Beatles">{{cite book | last=Publications | first=Wise | title=The Beatles: Music Roots (PVG) | publisher=Wise Publications | date=2011-03-30 | isbn=978-1-78323-981-8}}</ref>
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