Editing Channel Tunnel (section)

=== Tunnel boring machines ===
The eleven tunnel boring machines were designed and manufactured through a joint venture between the Robbins Company of [[Kent, Washington]], United States; [[Markham & Co.]] of [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]], England; and [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]] of Japan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Horvitz |first=Paul |date=6 October 1987 |title=Powerful Machines Readied for Channel Tunnel |page=C1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/06/science/powerful-machines-readied-for-channel-tunnel.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> The TBMs for the service tunnels and main tunnels on the UK side were designed and manufactured by [[James Howden]] & Company Ltd, Scotland.<ref name="hollingum-1993">{{cite journal|title=Howden Tunnel-boring Machine|first=Jack|last=Hollingum|journal=Industrial Robot|issn=0143-991X|oclc=473369390|date=1 June 1993|publisher=[[MCB UP Ltd]]|doi=10.1108/eb004595|volume=20|number=6|pages=33‒36|quote=This tunnel-boring machine (TBM), built by James Howden at [[Renfrew]], uses the main bearing retrieved from one of the service tunnel-boring machines from the Channel Tunnel. Howden built two of the machines for the main tunnels as well as two machines for the service tunnel in the Channel Tunnel project.}}</ref>