Editing Carbon group (section)

==Production==
Carbon's allotrope diamond is produced mostly by [[Russia]], [[Botswana]], [[Congo (area)|Congo]], [[Canada]], [[South Africa]], and [[India]]. 80% of all [[synthetic diamond]]s are produced by Russia. China produces 70% of the world's graphite. Other graphite-mining countries are [[Brazil]], Canada, and [[Mexico]].<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/>

Silicon can be produced by heating silica with carbon.<ref name = "Structure of Matter"/>

There are some germanium ores, such as [[germanite]], but these are not mined on account of being rare. Instead, germanium is extracted from the ores of metals such as [[zinc]]. In Russia and [[China]], germanium is also separated from coal deposits. Germanium-containing ores are first treated with [[chlorine]] to form [[germanium tetrachloride]], which is mixed with hydrogen gas. Then the germanium is further refined by [[zone refining]]. Roughly 140 metric tons of germanium are produced each year.<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/>

Mines output 300,000 metric tons of tin each year. China, [[Indonesia]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and Brazil are the main producers of tin. The method by which tin is produced is to heat the tin mineral [[cassiterite]] (SnO<sub>2</sub>) with [[coke (fuel)|coke]].<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/>

The most commonly mined lead ore is [[galena]] (lead sulfide). 4 million metric tons of lead are newly mined each year, mostly in China, [[Australia]], the [[United States]], and Peru. The ores are mixed with coke and [[limestone]] and [[roasting (metallurgy)|roasted]] to produce pure lead. Most lead is recycled from [[lead batteries]]. The total amount of lead ever mined by humans amounts to 350 million metric tons.<ref name = "Nature's Building Blocks"/>