Editing Calculator (section)

====Programmable calculators====
{{Main|Programmable calculator}}
[[File:Olivetti Programma 101 - Museo scienza e tecnologia Milano.jpg|thumb|left|The Italian [[Programma 101]], an early commercial programmable calculator produced by [[Olivetti]] in 1964]]

The first desktop ''programmable calculators'' were produced in the mid-1960s. They included the [[Mathatronics Mathatron]] (1964) and the [[Olivetti]] [[Programma 101]] (late 1965) which were solid-state, desktop, printing, floating point, algebraic entry, programmable, stored-program electronic calculators.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-programma101.html| title=Olivetti Programma 101 Electronic Calculator |website=The Old Calculator Web Museum}}</ref><ref name="oldcalculatormuseum.com">{{cite web| url=https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/c-math8-48m.html| title=Mathatronics Mathatron 8-48M Mod II Electronic Calculator |website=The Old Calculator Web Museum}}</ref> Both could be programmed by the end user and print out their results. The Programma 101 saw much wider distribution and had the added feature of offline storage of programs via magnetic cards.<ref name="oldcalculatormuseum.com"/>

Another early programmable desktop calculator (and maybe the first Japanese one) was the [[Casio]] (AL-1000) produced in 1967. It featured a [[nixie tube]]s display and had transistor electronics and ferrite core memory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casio AL-1000 calculator |place=Australia |publisher=Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences |url=https://ma.as/365845 |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>

The ''[[Monroe Epic]]'' programmable calculator came on the market in 1967. A large, printing, desk-top unit, with an attached floor-standing logic tower, it could be programmed to perform many computer-like functions. However, the only ''branch'' instruction was an implied unconditional branch (GOTO) at the end of the operation stack, returning the program to its starting instruction. Thus, it was not possible to include any [[conditional branch]] (IF-THEN-ELSE) logic. During this era, the absence of the conditional branch was sometimes used to distinguish a programmable calculator from a computer.

The first Soviet programmable desktop calculator [[ISKRA 123]], powered by the power grid, was released at the start of the 1970s.