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=== Street fighting === Another major influence on Lee was Hong Kong's [[street fighting]] culture in the form of rooftop fights. In the mid-20th century, soaring [[crime in Hong Kong]], combined with limited [[Hong Kong Police]] manpower, led to many young [[Hongkongers]] learning martial arts for [[self-defence|self-defense]]. Around the 1960s, there were about 400 martial arts schools in Hong Kong, teaching their distinctive styles of martial arts. In Hong Kong's street fighting culture, there emerged a rooftop fight scene in the 1950s and 1960s, where gangs from rival martial arts schools challenged each other to bare-knuckle fights on Hong Kong's rooftops, to avoid crackdowns by British colonial authorities. Lee frequently participated in these Hong Kong rooftop fights. He combined different techniques from different martial arts schools into his own [[hybrid martial arts]] style.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robles |first1=Pablo |last2=Wong |first2=Dennis |last3=Scott |first3=Mathew |title=How Bruce Lee and street fighting in Hong Kong helped create MMA |url=https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/sport/article/3010883/bruce-lee-and-mixed-martial-arts/index.html |access-date=July 6, 2021 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183404/https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/sport/article/3010883/bruce-lee-and-mixed-martial-arts/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> When Lee returned to Hong Kong in the early 1970s, his reputation as "the fastest fist in the east" routinely led to locals challenging him to street fights. He sometimes accepted these challenges and engaged in street fights, which led to some criticism from the press portraying him as violent at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Elegant |first1=Robert S. |title=Chinese movies find market as gore, blood fill screen |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/biloxi-daily-herald-jan-21-1973-p-5/ |access-date=April 15, 2022 |work=[[The Sun Herald]] |via=[[NewspaperArchive]] |date=January 21, 1973 |page=5 |url-access=subscription |quote=Today, Bruce Lee is the hottest property in the Chinese film business and "the fastest fist in the east," as Chow calls him. <br /> Small boys β and some very big boys β regularly challenge him to fight when they spy him on the streets. Sometimes he accepts, for he is full of suppressed violence engendered by a singularly unhappy childhood. |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415041423/https://newspaperarchive.com/biloxi-daily-herald-jan-21-1973-p-5/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
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