Editing Borneo (section)

==Demographics==
The [[demonym]] for Borneo is '''Bornean'''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Christine Padoch|author2=Nancy Lee Peluso|title=Borneo in Transition: People, Forests, Conservation, and Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s78sAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-967-65-3110-0}}</ref>

Borneo had 23,053,723 inhabitants (in 2020 Censuses),<ref name="detik20"/><ref name="citypop"/> a population density of {{convert|30.8|PD/sqkm|abbr=off}}. Most of the population lives in coastal cities, although the hinterland has small towns and villages along the rivers.

===Territories by population, size, and timezone===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Country
!Population
!Area
!Density
!Province/state
!Population
!Area
!Density
!Capital
!Time zone
|-
|'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''{{note label|en|a}}{{note label|en|b}}||460,345<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|title=Department of Economic Planning and Development - Population|website=www.depd.gov.bn|language=en-US|access-date=12 December 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320011146/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>(2% of the population)||5,765&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(0.8% of the land area)||72.11/km<sup>2</sup><br>|| colspan="4" | 
|[[Bandar Seri Begawan]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''' ('''[[Kalimantan]]'''){{note label|en|a}}|| rowspan="5" |16,544,696<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref><br>(72% of the population)|| rowspan="5" |539,238&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(72.5% of the land area)|| rowspan="5" |30.8/km<sup>2</sup><br>||{{flag|North Kalimantan}}||713,622<br>(3% of the population)||72,275&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(9.7% of the land area)||9.7/km<sup>2</sup>||[[Tanjung Selor]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|{{flag|East Kalimantan}}||3,849,842<br>(16.8% of the population)||127,347&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(17.1% of the land area)||29.6/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Samarinda]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|{{flag|South Kalimantan}}||3,808,235<br>(16.6% of the population)||38,744&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(5.2% of the land area)||105.1/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Banjarbaru]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|{{flag|Central Kalimantan}}||2,702,200<br>(11.8% of the population)||153,565&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(20.6% of the land area)||17.4/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Palangka Raya]]
||[[UTC+7]]
|-
|{{flag|West Kalimantan}}||5,470,797<br>(23.8% of the population)||147,307&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(19.8% of the land area)||36.8/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Pontianak]]
||[[UTC+7]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' ('''[[East Malaysia]]'''){{note label|en|a}}|| rowspan="3" |5,967,582<br>(26% of the population)|| rowspan="3" |198,447&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(26.7% of the land area)|| rowspan="3" |30.7/km<sup>2</sup><br>||{{flag|Sabah}}||3,418,785<br>(14.9% of the population)||73,904&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(9.9% of the land area)||46/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Kota Kinabalu]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|{{flag|Sarawak}}||2,453,677<br>(10.7% of the population)||124,450&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(16.7% of the land area)||22/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Kuching]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|{{flag|Labuan}}||95,120<br>(0.4% of the population)||92&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>(0.1% of the land area)||1,000/km<sup>2</sup><br>||[[Victoria, Labuan|Victoria]]
||[[UTC+8]]
|-
|'''Total'''||22,972,623||743,450&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><br>||30.9~/km<sup>2</sup><br>
|}
{{note label|en|a}}<small>May includes the offshore islands and its populations</small><br>
{{note label|en|b}}<small>Due to its size, Brunei is further subdivided into 4 districts ([[Districts of Brunei|mukim]]), which is similar to the size of smaller administrative units in Indonesia ([[Districts of Indonesia|kecamatan]]) and Malaysia ([[List of districts in Malaysia|daerah]])
</small>

===20 largest cities and towns in Borneo by population===
[[File:Major cities in towns of borneo.png|thumb|upright 1.2|Cities and major towns in Borneo]]
[[File:Samarinda landscape 2.png|thumb|[[Samarinda]], the most populous and largest city on the island of Borneo]]
[[File:2018-12-04 Balikpapan cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Balikpapan]], the second most populous and largest city on Borneo]]
* {{legend|#cfecec|Provincial/state capital|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|#ccff99|National capital|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Rank !! City !! Population<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-largest-cities-in-borneo.html |title =The 10 Largest Cities In Borneo |year=2019 |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=World Atlas}}</ref> !! Country !! Province/state
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|1 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec"|'''[[Samarinda]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 861,878 || {{IDN}} || {{flag|East Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|2 || style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Balikpapan]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 738,532 || {{IDN}} || {{flag|East Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|3 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec"|'''[[Pontianak]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 679,818 || {{IDN}} || {{flag|West Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|4 || style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Banjarmasin]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 678,243 || {{IDN}} || {{flag|South Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|5 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec"|'''[[Kota Kinabalu]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 500,425 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sabah}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|6 || style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Sandakan]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 439,050 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sabah}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|7 || style="text-align:left;"|'''[[Tawau]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 420,806 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sabah}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|8 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec"|'''[[Kuching]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 402,738 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sarawak}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|9 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Miri]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 356,900 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sarawak}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#ccff99"" |'''[[Bandar Seri Begawan]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 318,530 || scope="col" colspan="2"| {{flag|Brunei}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;|11 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec" |'''[[Palangkaraya]]'''||style="text-align:right;" | 305,797||{{flag|Indonesia}}|| {{flag|Central Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|12 || style="text-align:left;background-color:#cfecec" |'''[[Banjarbaru]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 272,763 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|South Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|13 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Tarakan]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 249,960 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|North Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|14 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Singkawang]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 246,112 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|West Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|15 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Bontang]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 189,968 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|East Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|16 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Sampit]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 166,773 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|Central Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|17 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Sibu]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 162,676 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sarawak}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|18 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Bintulu]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 114,058 || {{flag|Malaysia}} || {{flag|Sarawak}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|19 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Tenggarong]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 106,669 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|East Kalimantan}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|20 || style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Pangkalan Bun]]''' || style="text-align:right;" | 105,514 || {{flag|Indonesia}} || {{flag|Central Kalimantan}}
|-
|}

===Urbanisation by region===
[[File:Sarawak River.jpg|thumb|[[Kuching]], one of the largest cities on the island of Borneo]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!rowspan="2" |Country
!rowspan="2" |Province/state
!colspan="2" |Urban–rural population (%)
|-
!style="background-color:#" data-sort-type="number"|Urban
!style="background-color:#" data-sort-type="number"|Rural
|-
|-
|'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''<ref name="World Atlas-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/761109/share-of-urban-population-brunei/|title =Share of the urban population in Brunei from 2012 to 2021|year=2023|access-date=15 April 2023|work=World Atlas}}</ref><ref name="Brunei Urban Population 1960-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/BRN/brunei/urban-population|title =Brunei Urban Population 1960-2023
|year=|access-date=15 April 2023|work=Macrotrends}}</ref>||||style="text-align:right;" | 78.3% ||style="text-align:right;" | 21.8%
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''' ('''[[Kalimantan]]''')<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik-2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2014/02/18/1276/persentase-penduduk-daerah-perkotaan-hasil-proyeksi-penduduk-menurut-provinsi-2015---2035.html|title =Persentase Penduduk Daerah Perkotaan menurut Provinsi, 2010-2035|year=2020|access-date=15 April 2023|work=Badan Pusat Statistik}}</ref>||{{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br>{{flag|North Kalimantan}}{{note label|en|c}}||style="text-align:right;" | 68.9% ||style="text-align:right;" | 31.1%
|-
|{{flag|South Kalimantan}}||style="text-align:right;" | 48.4% ||style="text-align:right;" | 51.6%
|-
|{{flag|Central Kalimantan}}||style="text-align:right;" | 40.2% ||style="text-align:right;" | 59.8%
|-
|{{flag|West Kalimantan}}||style="text-align:right;" | 36.2% ||style="text-align:right;" | 63.8%
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' ('''[[East Malaysia]]''')<ref name="DSMO Portal-2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=509&bul_id=ZFRzTG9ubTkveFR4YUY2OXdNNk1GZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09#:~:text=Meanwhile%2C%20Sabah%20registered%20the%20highest,112%20(2010%3A%20109)|title =Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020: Urban and Rural|year=2020|access-date=15 April 2023|work=Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal}}</ref><ref name="DSMO Portal-2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=MDMxdHZjWTk1SjFzTzNkRXYzcVZjdz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title =Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristic Report 2010 (Updated: 05/08/2011)|year=2011|access-date=15 April 2023|work=Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal}}</ref>||{{flag|Sabah}}||style="text-align:right;" | 54.7% ||style="text-align:right;" | 45.3%
|-
|{{flag|Sarawak}}||style="text-align:right;" | 57.0% ||style="text-align:right;" | 43.0%
|-
|{{flag|Labuan}}||style="text-align:right;" | 88.9% ||style="text-align:right;" | 11.1%
|}
{{note label|en|c}}Data based on the projection in the former territories in East Kalimantan Province (prior to the separation of North Kalimantan in 2012)

===Major ethnicities by region===
[[File:Young Dayak dancers, Samarinda, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|Young [[Dayak people|Dayak]] dancers in their traditional clothes, Pampang Cultural Village, [[Samarinda]], East Kalimantan, Indonesia]]
[[File:Baju Melayu.jpg|thumb|A group of [[Brunei]]an men in [[Baju Melayu]]; the ethnic Malays of Borneo primarily inhabit the coastal areas of the island.]]
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Country
! rowspan="2" |Province/state
! colspan="2" |Major ethnic groups{{note label|en|d}}
|-
! '''Indigenous'''
! '''Non-indigenous'''
|-
|'''{{flag|Brunei}}'''|||| [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Bisaya]], [[Dusun people|Dusun]], [[Kedayan]], [[Bruneian Malays|Malay]]
|[[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Chinese]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''' ('''[[Kalimantan]]''')||{{flag|North Kalimantan}}||[[Sama-Bajau|Bajau]], Bulungan, [[Dayak people|Dayak]], [[Tidung people|Tidung]]
| [[Bugis]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]]
|-
|{{flag|East Kalimantan}}||[[Banjar people|Banjarese]], [[Berau Malays|Berau]], [[Dayak people|Dayak]], [[Kutai#The Kutai People|Kutai]], Paser
| [[Bugis]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]]
|-
|{{flag|South Kalimantan}}||[[Banjar people|Banjarese]], [[Dayak people|Dayak]] 
|[[Bugis]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Madurese people|Madurese]]
|-
|{{flag|Central Kalimantan}}||[[Banjar people|Banjarese]], [[Dayak people|Dayak]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]
|[[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Madurese people|Madurese]]
|-
|{{flag|West Kalimantan}}||[[Dayak people|Dayak]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]]
|[[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]], [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Madurese people|Madurese]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''{{flag|Malaysia}}''' ('''[[East Malaysia]]''')||{{flag|Sabah}}|| [[Sama-Bajau|Bajau]], [[Kadazan-Dusun]], [[Bruneian Malays|Malay]], [[Murut people|Murut]], [[Rungus]],  [[Sulu people|Suluk]]
|[[Bugis]], [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]]
|-
|{{flag|Sarawak}}||[[Bidayuh]], [[Iban people|Iban]], [[Sarawakian Malay people|Malay]], [[Melanau people|Melanau]], [[Orang Ulu]]
|[[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] 
|-
|{{flag|Labuan}}||[[Sama-Bajau|Bajau]], [[Kadazan-Dusun]], [[Kedayan]], [[Bruneian Malays|Malay]], [[Murut people|Murut]]
|[[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]]  
|}
{{note label|en|d}}Based on alphabetical order

===Religion===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Religions based on regions
|-
| {{Pie chart
|thumb = 
|caption = Religion in Brunei (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|access-date=11 May 2021|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401024235/http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 80.9
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|value2 = 7.1
|color2 = Blue
|label4 = Other
|value4 = 5
|color4 = Black
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 7
|color3 = Yellow
}}
||
{{Pie chart
|thumb = 
|caption = Religion in Malaysian Borneo (2020){{my10|2020kf}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 51.9
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|value2 = 37.4
|color2 = Blue
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 9.0
|color3 = Yellow
|label5 = [[Hinduism]]
|value5 = 0.1
|color5 = DarkOrange
|label4 = [[Confucianism]] and others
|value4 = 0.3
|color4 = White
|label6 = No religion
|value6 = 1.3
|color6 = Black
}}
||
{{Pie chart
|thumb = 
|caption = Religion in Indonesian Borneo (December 2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ | title=ArcGIS Web Application }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 78.42
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
|value2 = 9.30
|color2 = Blue
|label3 = [[Roman Catholic]]
|value3 = 9.09
|color3 = Purple
|label4 = [[Buddhism]]
|value4 = 1.94
|color4 = Yellow
|label5 = [[Hinduism]]
|value5 = 1.08
|color5 = DarkOrange
|label6 = [[Confucianism]] 
|value6 = 0.1
|color6 = Red
|label7 = [[Folk religion]] 
|value7 = 0.06
|color7 = Black
}}

|}