Editing Battle of Tours (section)

===Umayyad retreat and second invasion===
The Umayyad army retreated south over the [[Pyrenees]].<ref>Scott, John C. {{Google books|5CyXBHYGaDIC|Battle of Tours}}</ref> Charles continued to expand south in subsequent years. After the death of Odo (c. 735), who had reluctantly acknowledged Charles' [[suzerainty]] in 719, Charles wished to unite Odo's duchy to himself and went there to elicit the proper [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] of the Aquitanians. But the nobility proclaimed Hunald, Odo's son, as the duke, and Charles recognized his legitimacy when the Umayyads entered [[Provence]] as part of an alliance with Duke [[Maurontus]] the next year.<ref>Fouracre, 2000, p. 96.</ref>

Hunald, who originally resisted acknowledging Charles as an overlord, soon had little choice. He acknowledged Charles as his overlord, albeit not for long, and Charles confirmed his duchy.

====Umayyad invasion (735–39)====
In 735, [[Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj]], the new governor of al-Andalus, invaded Gaul. [[Antonio Santosuosso]] and other historians detail how he advanced into France to avenge the defeat at Tours and to spread Islam. According to Santosuosso, Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj converted about 2,000 Christians he had captured over his career. In the last major attempt at an invasion of Gaul through Iberia, a sizable expedition was assembled at [[Zaragoza|Saragossa]] and entered what is now French territory in 735, crossed the River Rhone, and captured and looted [[Arles]]. From there, he struck into the heart of Provence, ending with the capture of [[Avignon]], despite strong resistance.<ref name="Santosuosso2004p126">{{Harvnb|Santosuosso|2004|p=126}}</ref>

Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj's forces remained in Septimania and part of Provence for four years, carrying raids to Lyons, Burgundy, and Piedmont. Charles Martel invaded Septimania in two campaigns in 736 and 739, but was forced back again to Frankish territory under his control. Alessandro Santosuosso strongly argues that the second (Umayyad) expedition was probably more dangerous than the first. The second expedition's failure{{Specify|reason=Loose assertion lacking in detail|date=December 2021}} put an end to any serious Muslim expedition across the [[Pyrenees]], although raids continued. Plans for further large-scale attempts were hindered by internal turmoil in the Umayyad lands which often made enemies out of their own kind.<ref name="Santosuosso2004p126" />